Geography 4 Flashcards
A system of rule in which powerful lords divided their lands among lesser lords, or vassals
Feudalism
A local military ruler in medieval Europe
Lords
A lesser lord in medieval Europe who pledged loyalty and service to a more powerful lord in exchange for land
Vassals
A peasant who is legally bound to live and work on land owned by a lord
Serf
The agricultural estate of a medieval lord or vassal
Manor
After the collapse of the western Roman empire, what leaders ruled territories across Western Europe?
The leaders were military leaders.
What is the period of the Middle Ages?
From 476 to the 1500s.
The basis of a system called feudalism lasted mostly in where during the Middle Ages?
It lasted mostly in Europe.
What weapons did the knights use in the Middle Ages?
They used swords, axes, lances, or long spheres.
For lords and vassals what was a way of life for them?
The way of life for them was wore fare.
What tribe declared themselves kings?
The Germanic tribe declared themselves kings.
In what year did a terrible disease reach Europe? What was this disease called?
1347 was the year and it was called the Black Death.
Searching for scapegoats who did some Europeans falsely blame for the disease of the Black Death?
Some Europians falsely blamed the Jews.
French for “rebirth”; refers to a period of culture revival in Europe from the 1300s to the 1500s
Renaissance
A cultural movement of the Renaissance based on the study of classical works
Humanism
A religious movement that begin in the 1500s to to reform the Catholic church that led to the creation of new Protestant churches
Reformation
A movement to strengthen the teachings and structure of the Catholic Church
Counter Reformation
Monarchy - or government with rules who inherit their position by birth - in which rulers have absolute and unlimited power
Absolute monarchy
During the Middle Ages, what was life for most Europeans?
Life for most people revolved around the manor and the church.
What is French for Renaissance?
Rebirth
What is DaVinci’s most famous painting?
The Mona Lisa.
In the Italian city-states, how did newly rich people gain status?
By becoming patriots of art and learning.
Who were the Medici?
One of the most powerful banking families in Florence.
What did Copernicus publish in 1543?
The Heliocentric theory describes how Earth revolves around the sun rather than vice versa.
During the Crusades, what did Europeans bring back from Asia?
Spices, silks, and jewels.
How did church leaders rise to power?
Through wealth or political influence.
What year did Luther post the 95 Theses?
1517
What happened during the Counter-Reformation?
Reformers founded new religious orders or groups of priests or monks with their own particular structure and purpose.
Who was Pope in 1545?
Pope Paul III
What did the Peace of Augsburg treaty declare?
Each German ruler decides his territory’s religion neither Catholic or Protestant.
Who did the Netherlands gain independence from?
Spain
What was Parliament?
An assembly of nobles and elected representatives.
What was the English Bill of Rights?
A document that guaranteed Civil Rights in England and gave parliament power over the king.
