Geography 7 Flashcards
_____ rock in a region is an important factor in soil.
Parent
The process of weathering depends on the _____ of the region.
Climate
The _____ rock of the Deccan Plateau in Maharashtra turns into black soil after weathering.
Basalt
______ soils along the river beds give higher yields.
Fertile
The _____ material comes from the decomposition of the remains of the plants and animals in that region.
Biotic
______ is a complete ecosystem.
Soil
Food crops like jowar and bajra are produced in the _____ soils of Maharashtra Plateau.
Regur
The local agriculture produce determines the _______ diet of the people.
Staple
The proportion of humus is negligible in _____ soil.
Coarse
Planting trees can also control the _____ of the wind.
Velocity
Rocks like granite or gneiss in South India give rise to ____ soil.
Red
In the humid climate of western Sahyadris the leaching of basalt rocks leads to formation of ___ soil.
Laterite
The excessive spraying of chemicals and use of chemical fertilizers lead to ______
Soil degradation
The biotic material comes from _____.
the decomposition of the remains of the plants and animals in that region
Microorganisms ajnd certain other organisms help decompose the dead remains of ______.
Organic materials
Production of compost needs sufficient period of time and ______.
elements like organic waste, water, heat, etc.
In the region of high rainfall and higher temperatures, _____.
the process of soil formation is faster
In regions of low temperatures and low rainfall the _____.
soil formation takes more time
High use of chemical fertilizers, insecticides _____.
leads to the degradation of soils
In the areas where the soil is not fertile, _______.
egetation is scanty
When man realized that sowing of seeds in the soil leads to the growth of plants and yields crops, ______.
he started using soil as a resource
Excessive irrigation draws the salts from the soil upwards and ______.
makes the soil saline and then unproductive
Keeping the farmland fallow for some period and cultivating different crops alternatively is important ________.
to help retain the fertility of soils.
Soil formed due to weathering of basalt rock.
Black soil
Soil formed due to the leaching of the basalt rock.
Laterite soil
Biotic material mixed into the soils.
Humus
The excessive spraying of chemicals and use of chemical fertilizers.
Soil degradation
The govt, scheme, work like construction of farm bunds, arresting waters of small streams, etc.
Jalayukt Shivar
I am a very important rock factor in soil formation.
Parent rock
I form due to weathering of basalt rock. Jowar and Bajra mostly grow on this soil.
Regur/Black soil
I am found in the hilltops of the western part of the Deccan plateau.
Coarse soil
I am black in colour and have less organic components.
Regur/Black soil
I am orange in colour and mostly found in the coastal belt of Konkan.
Laterite soil
I am found at the mouth of the river in the western coastal strip.
Alluvial soil of the coastal strip
I am mainly found in areas of extreme rainfall but not very useful for agriculture.
Yellow brown soil
I am a method of soil conservation which controls the velocity of wind.
Afforestation /planting trees
A
(1)Coarse soil
(2) Regur soil
(3) Laterite soil
(4) Alluvial soil
(5) Yellow-brown soil
B
(a) Alluvium deposition
(b) Eastern part of Bhandara
(c) Ajanta, Balaghat, Mahaden hills
(d) Coastal belt of konkan
(e) Weathering of basalt rock
1 – c
2 – e
3 – d
4 – a
5 – b
What do you mean by ‘Soil’?
(i) The uppermost layer of the earth’s crust is called ‘Soil’.
(ii) It contains the organic as well as mineral matter necessary for the growth of plants.
What are the factors necessary for the soil formation?
Weathering of the parent rock material.
Climatic conditions of the region.
The decomposition of plant remains.
Animal manures and dead animals.
Very long period of time.
What is leaching?
(i) Leaching is a process is which the salts & other soluble material are washed out of the rock through percolation of water.
(ii) This process is dominant in the areas of high rainfall & humid climate.
What is humus?
(i) The decaying of organic material such as dead leaves, stems, root of the plant, vegetal litters, decomposed remains of animals get mixed into the soil.
(ii) This results in the formation of “Humus” thus retaining the fertility of soil.
(iii) If the proportion of humus in the soil is greater, the soil becomes fertile.
What leads to the degradation of soils?
(i) For getting higher production, different types of chemical fertilizers, insecticides are used profusely.
(ii) This leads to the degradation of soils.
What led to record agricultural production?
(i) To get richer harvests man made efforts to increase the fertility of soils.
(ii) In the process, use of different fertilizers became a practice which led to record agricultural production.
What is soil erosion?
(i) When a layer of soil (top layer of soil) get removed due to wind or water it is called soil erosion.
(ii) Running water, climate and diversity in physiography are the reasons of soil erosion.
What helps to maintain the pH balance of the soil?
(i) Organic manures, vermicompost, compost are used regularly.
(ii) It helps in maintaining the pH balance and retaining the fertility of the soil.
Why is rice is the staple diet of the people from Konkan?
(i) Hot & humid climate, heavy rainfall & fertile alluvial soil are favourable for rice cultivation.
(ii) This soil has good water holding capacity. Since these conditions are found in the konkan region, rice is grown on a large scale here.
(iii) So rice is the staple diet of the people from Konkan.
Why does soil erosion occur?
(i) A layer of soil gets removed due to wind or water.
(ii) Running water, climate and diversity in physiography are the reasons of soil erosion.
Why does soil degradation occur
(i) To obtain a higher agricultural yield, chemical fertilizers, insecticides, weedicides, etc. are used.
(ii) The excessive spraying of chemicals and use of chemical fertilizers leads to soil degradation.
Why planting trees is necessary to conserve the soil?
(i) A layer of soil gets removed due to wind or water which leads to soil erosion.
(ii) Planting trees controls the velocity of the wind, thus reducing the erosion of soil by wind.
(iii) The roots of the plants hold the soil which also prevents soil erosion.
Why continuous contour trenches are constructed along the slopes?
(i) Construction of continuous contour trenches (CCTs) at different heights checks the velocity of water running along the slopes.
(ii) This reduces soil erosion.
Why is it advisable to use organic manures, vermicompost and compost regularly.
(i) Use of organic manures, vermicompost, compost helps maintain the pH balance.
(ii) It also increases the proportion of humus thus retaining the fertility of soil.
(iii) Hence, it is advisable to use organic manures, vermicompost & compost regularly.
Why there emerged competition among the people to discover fertile lands and settle there?
(i) Man started producing greater amount of food crops for the growing population.
(ii) He realized that crop production and prosperity in agriculture depends on the fertility of soil and the optimum availability of water.
Hence, there emerged competition among the people to discover fertile lands & settle there.
Why there was a rise of Indus civilization?
(i) When man realized that the fertile soils along the river beds give higher yields.
(ii) He settled in the valleys and started living there in groups.
(iii) This led to the rise of Indus civilization.
Why Countries like Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, etc., fulfil their requirements by importing food from other countries.
(i) In countries like Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman etc. the soils are not arable so there is need to fulfil their food requirement.
(ii) Hence, countries like Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman import food from other countries.
Observe the map given below and answer the following questions:
1)Which soil occupies most of the areas in Maharashtra?
2)In which areas are laterite soils found?
3)Which soil is found in parts of the Sahyadri ranges?
4)In which region is alluvial soil found?
5)Which soil is found in the river valleys of Maharashtra?
1)Black / regur soil
2)Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg and some parts of Gadchiroli and Nashik.
3)Yellow brown
4)Mumbai Suburban District, Mumbai city district some parts of Thane & Palghar district.
5)Fertile Alluvial soil
