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Gcse Post Half Term > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 types of rock

A

Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic

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2
Q

What is the uk geology

A

The uks geology is split into 2 halves. The top half is mainly igneous and metamorphic which forms upland landscapes. The lower half is mainly sedimentary with forms lowland

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3
Q

What are the uk main rock types

A

Sedimentary- chalk, limestone, clay

Metamorphic- schists, slate

Igneous- granite

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4
Q

Give an example of upland and lowland landscapes

A

An example of an upland landscape is the Lake District and an example of lowland is Herefordshire

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5
Q

How do you find agriculture on maps

A

Lots of blue ditches and lots of flat lands

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6
Q

What’s the difference between hard and soft rocks at the coast

A

Soft rocks erode easily and cliffs will be less steep and rugged. Hard rocks are resistant to all kinds of erosion and cliffs will be high steep and rugged

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7
Q

What are joints and faults

A

These are cracks in rocks width faults being larger. And both make rock more susceptible to erosion

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8
Q

How do waves erode the coast

A

Hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition and solution

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9
Q

What does hydraulic action do

A

The weight and impact of the water will erode the coast. Also it compresses sir in cracks forcing them apart

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10
Q

How does abrasion erode the coast

A

Breaking waves throw sediment and rocks against the coast

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11
Q

What does attrition do

A

The rocks and pebbles rub and break down

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12
Q

How does solution erode things

A

Chemical action by sea water on rocks

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13
Q

What are the 4 types of weathering

A

Mechanical, biological, chemical and mass movement

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14
Q

Give an example of mechanical weathering and how it works

A

Freeze-thaw weathering. This is where water seeps into cracks in the rock and over night it freezes and expands making large cracks

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15
Q

How does biological weathering work

A

This is caused by plants and animals and it speeds up mechanical or chemical weathering.

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16
Q

How does chemical weathering work

A

This is where a rocks mineral composition is changed.

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17
Q

How does mass movement work

A

Is the downhill movement of material due to gravity

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18
Q

What is longshore drift

A

This is where waves approach the beach at an angle. Backwash carries sediments back at 90° to the beach. And then they keep getting pushed at an angle

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19
Q

What is the geology of Christchurch bay

A

The beach is sand and clay. And has chalk either side

20
Q

What made hurst castle spit

A

Longshore drift

21
Q

What does hengistburyhead do to the bay

A

It takes most of the impact so. No erosion and stop lsd from going into the beach

22
Q

What direction is lsd taking the water

A

East

23
Q

How dens

Y populated is Christchurch

A

Very densely populated

24
Q

what does the terminal and Bournemouth bay do to Christchurch bay

A

It stops sediments from being deposited in Christchurch

25
Q

What does human factors do towards flooding 5e river wet

A

Causes the flood plain to grow because of it being densely populated and making impermeable surfaces

26
Q

What river is the wet a tributary for

A

Thames

27
Q

Where is most coastal flooding in 5euk

A

Oalong the east coast

28
Q

What ways do we protect the beaches

A

Sea walls, grounds, beach replenishment, slope stabilisation, do nothing, hold the line and strategic realignment

29
Q

What’s the difference between upper, middle and lower course

A

Upper course is steep, small discharge, shallow, narrow and features waterfalls. Middle course is less steep, large discharge, deeper, and contains meanders and flood plains. Lower course is shallow gradient, very large discharge, really deep and features levees and ox bow lakes

30
Q

What are the 4 types of transportation in the river

A

Traction, saltation, suspension, solution

31
Q

What does traction do

A

Large boulders role along floor

32
Q

What does saltation do

A

Small pebbles bounce along the river bed

33
Q

What does suspension do

A

Small sand and silt Particles float along the river with the flow

34
Q

What does solution do

A

Minerals dissolve into the water

35
Q

What does the line and bar in a storm hydrography do

A

The line is the amount of discharge and bar is amount of rainfall

36
Q

What is the lag time

A

That is the time between peak rainfall and discharge

37
Q

What physical factors reduce lag time

A

Geology, soil type, vegetation, slope, drainage Abi’s in shape

38
Q

What does climate change do to increase flood risk

A

Increases storm frequency, increasing periods of hot dry weather, increases periods of extreme cold weather

39
Q

How can we manage flood risks

A

Embankments and levees, flood walls, dams, flood barriers, river resotration, wash,ands, plane tress

40
Q

What is conurbation

A

That is where an area has expanded and absorbespd smaller areas

41
Q

What is the uks economic structure like

A

Over half is tertiary. 1/6 is secondary. 1/8 quaternary and tiny bit primary

42
Q

What is the uks city structure

A

The cod and inner city is in the centre and it spreads to the m25

43
Q

What is the context of London

A

It is south west of England. Large rural urban migration. Large amounts of immigrants. Surronded by m25

44
Q

How do popeople move around London

A

New arrivals move to cheap houses in inner city. Industry around main roads. Richer move to suburbs and retire to rural areas

45
Q

What does decentralisation mean

A

Where cheaper land in suburbs is made ping centres and business parks

Gcse Post Half Term (6 decks)

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