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Gcse Post Half Term > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis

A

Light

Carbon dioxide + water ————-> glucose + oxygen

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2
Q

What affects the rate of photosynthesis

A

Light intensity, concentration of co2 and the temperature.

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3
Q

What are the graphs for rate of photosynthesis like for light intensity, co2 and temperature

A

With light intensity they are directly proportional until it reaches the limit where temperature and co2 must be increased. These same goes for co2 and temp except for if the temp exceeds maximum the rate decreases

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4
Q

What do root hair cells have to collect water

A

Large surface area to volume ratios

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5
Q

What do phloem tubes do

A

They transport food

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6
Q

What do xYlem tubes do

A

These take up water

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7
Q

What is transpiration

A

The loss of water from a plant

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8
Q

Hat is the stomata

A

These are tiny pores on the surface of a plant and allow oxygen and co2 to diffuse in and out the plant

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9
Q

What environmental factors affect the transpiration rate

A

Light intensity temperature and air flow

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10
Q

How are leaves adapted for photosynthesis

A

They are board in order to absorb morelight, he palisade layer has lots of chloroplasts, the upper epidermis is transparent. The waxy cuticle prevents water loss

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11
Q

What are shoots

A

Positively phototropisch and negatively gravitropix

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12
Q

What are roots

A

Negative phototropic and negative gravitropic

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13
Q

What uses do plant hormone shave

A

Selective weed killers, growing from cuttings, controlling flower and fruit formation, producing seedless fruit, controlling fruit ripening, controlling seed germination

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14
Q

How do selective weed killers work

A

They produce auxins which disrupt their normal growth pattern.

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15
Q

How are hormones used in growing cuttings

A

This is where a small part of a plant grows by adding root powder

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16
Q

How do hormones control flower formation

A

Gibberellins are hormones which stimulate seed germination. Theses can also reduce flower formation and improve fruit quality

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17
Q

Where do all the hormones come from

A

Many hormones are from the pituitary gland, thyroxine from the thyroid gland, oestrogen from the ovaries, adrenaline from the adrenal gland, Testosteron from the testier and insulin from the pancreas

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18
Q

What’s the difference between neurones and hormones

A

Neurones are fast and act on a specific area for a short amount of time. Whereas hormones are slow act for a long time and act a general area

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19
Q

What does adrenaline do

A

This happens when you panic and starts fight or flight, it only happens when your body detects a stressful situation

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20
Q

What does thyroxine do

A

It regulates metabolism.

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21
Q

What happens in the four stages of the menstrual cycle

A

In the first stage the uterus lining breaks down. Then the uterus is repeated. An egg is released. The lining is then mainrptained.

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22
Q

What are the four hormones in the menstrual cycle

A

Fsh, lh, oestrogen, progesterone

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23
Q

What does fsh do

A

It is released by the pituitary gland and causes a follicle to mature an ovary and stimulates oestrogen production

24
Q

What doe oestrogen do

A

Released by the ovaries, causes uterus to thicken and grow,

Stimulates lh

25
Q

What does lh do

A

Stimulates ovulation. And stimulates progesterone

26
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

It is released by the corpus liteum and maintain ps uterus lining. It inhibits fsh and oh

27
Q

What does homeostasis do

A

This is maintaining the correct conditions in the body

28
Q

What are examples of homeostasis

A

Osmoregulation- this regulates the water content in body, thermoregulation- regulates temperature and blood glucose

29
Q

What controls blood sugar levels

A

Too high insulin added, too low glucagon added

30
Q

What causes diabetes

A

Lack of insulin or insulin resistance

31
Q

What is the equation for bmi and waist to hip ratio

A

BMI = kg / height(m)^^2

Waist to hip ratio = waist / hip

32
Q

What are the main roles of the kidneys

A

They remove urea from the blood, adjust ion levels of the blood and adjust water content in the blood

33
Q

What is the nephron

A

A filtration unit at the kidneys

34
Q

What does a dialysis do

A

This filters the blood mechanically for anyone who has had kidney failure.

35
Q

What does the rate of diffusion depend on

A

Distance, concentration difference and surface area

36
Q

Where does gas exchange in animals happen

A

In the alveoli

37
Q

What is the equation for rate of diffusion

A

Rate of diffusion & surface area * concentration difference / thickness

38
Q

What doe platelets do

A

These clot the blood.

39
Q

What does plasma do

A

It carries everything in the blood

40
Q

What do arteries do

A

They carry blood away form the heart at high pressure. Due to thick wall And a small lumen

41
Q

What are capillaries

A

These are branched arteries, very small

42
Q

What do veins do

A

Carry blood to the heart, not so much pressure as larger lumen

43
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart

A

Right atrium- receives the blood, right ventricle- pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs, left atrium- receives oxygenated blood from the lunges, left ventricle- pumps the blood.

44
Q

What’s the equation for cardiac output

A

Cardiac output = heart rate * stroke volume

45
Q

What’s the n for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

46
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration

A

Glucose —-> lctoc acod

47
Q

What are the levels of an ecosystem

A

Individual, population, community, ecosystem

48
Q

What do Quadrats do

A

They study the distribution of small organisms

49
Q

What does a belt Téa sect do

A

Studies the distribution along a gradient

50
Q

What is the equation for energy efficiency

A

Efficiency = energy transferred / available energy * 100

51
Q

What is eutrophication

A

This Is where an excess of nutrients is in the water which causes death of many animals

52
Q

What do fish normally get farmed in in open water

A

Holding nets

53
Q

How do we conserve and maintain biodiversity

A

Reforistation, conservation schemes

54
Q

What does population increase mean about food

A

It means we must increase our food production to feed everyone

55
Q

What biological factors affect food security

A

Increasing consumption of meats and fish, environmental changes caused by human activities, sustainability, new pests and diseases

56
Q

What does desalination do

A

It produces potable water from salt water

Gcse Post Half Term (6 decks)

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