Geography 4.1

Question 1

Igneous rocks

Answer 1

Rocks formed form volcanic magma such as basalt and granite

Question 2

Sedimentary rocks

Answer 2

Formed by the compression of bodies if water, made from shells. Examples include sandstone, limestone and flint

Question 3

Compare metamorphic and igneous rock

Answer 3

Metamorphic rocks are formed from other rocks that are changed because of heat or pressure. They are not made from molten rock – rocks that do melt form igneous rocks instead.

Question 4

Characteristics of granite

Answer 4

Granite is composed mainly of quartz and feldspar. It is igneous

Question 5

Characteristics of carboniferous limestone

Answer 5

Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs.

Question 6

Characteristics of chalk

Answer 6

Chalk is a sedimentary rock made of calcium carbonate. It is porous and allows water to penetrate into the rock.

Question 7

Characteristics of slate

Answer 7

Slate is a fine-grained, foliated metamorphic rock

Question 8

Uplands of the UK

Answer 8

Steep and mainly farms of livestock

Question 9

Explain how glacial erosion shaped the uplands of the UK

Answer 9

After many cycles of freezing and thawing lumps of rock are broken off the surface - this is called freeze thaw. These small pieces of rock are called scree and often build up forming scree slopes on mountainsides.

Question 10

How sedimentary rock was formed across the Uk lowlands

Answer 10

The glaciers deposited sedimentary rock

Question 11

How glacial deposition shaped the UK lowlands

Answer 11

It made it flat

Question 12

Explain how scarp and vale topography forms in the UK lowlands

Answer 12

Chalk escarpments have a gentle slope (or dip) on one side and a steeper slope (or scarp) on the other.