Geography - 2nd topic EQ 3 Flashcards
What’s the pattern of migration into London
Mainly people from the north to London, due to university and jobs, younger people
What’s the pattern of migration out of London
Mainly people leaving to the south and east, coastal areas, likely retired and family’s
What is the North East’s net growth like
Experience growth in nearly all age groups. Outflow is ages around 20-29 due to jobs and education
What is London’s net growth like
Negative net in almost all age groups, experience intake of ages 20-29
How will the UK’s internal migration change in the future
London’s perception may change which will cause more push effects, cost of living is increasing, inflows to the North may increase
How does internal migration affect the UK
Areas that experience more migration change more rapidly, more diverse. Attractive areas will have a more unbalanced population structure.
Summarise post 1990 migration flows
1990’s short of labour, EU membership - free movement, recession in 2008, UK boundaries tightened
What are house prices like around London
High costs in London, relatively cheaper costs around the capital (rural)
What are push factors of London for families
High housing costs, social and environmental quality factors, ethic tensions, lower social and educational opportunities.
What are pull factors of London for young students
University, the capital, youthful population
Summarise post colonial migration
Labour shortages due to the war, government turned to countries in former empire, 1.4 million non white residents by 1970, 1968 commonwealth slowed immigration
How are international migrants distributed in UK
Most migrants go to the south east, such as London and North Suffolk, North London’s population is about 50% foreign, the rest of the UK is about 1-10% foreign born, mostly 1-5%
What are impacts of migrants moving to rural areas (Boston)
international food and shops, new schools have to open, overcrowding of people in houses, many families with 1+ family member born abroad, have to allocate additional funding to schools
Why are migrants attracted to rural areas (Boston)
Can work long hours, earn more money, stay long term, lower cost of living, international shops
What are the social benefits of migrants in rural areas
Opened shops and services for locals, brought social vitality, decreased ageing population, provides a much needed workforce
What are the perceived negatives of migrants going to rural areas
Pressure on services, increased competition for jobs, some don’t speak English, abuse benefits, send money home (remittances)
What is ethnic segregation
the separation of a race or ethnic group by enforced residence in a restricted area
What is an enclave
Urban areas with a predominant migrant population (Ghetto)
What is a Russian Oligarch
Wealthy Russian business owner
Why might Russian Oligarch’s choose to leave Russia for the UK
UK banks are safer, private schools, housing
What is Boston like
small rural town, 15% of pop not born in UK, in the middle east, near the ‘wash’
What factors might lead people to move to certain areas
Social clustering, jobs, low housing prices, places to worship
What is an internal factor
Something within the person e.g. their opinion
What is an external factor
Things that the person can’t control e.g. house prices
What are the impacts of nature of employment taken up by immigrants
low paid jobs, immigrants likely go into poverty, may lead to increased crime, limited areas of city to live in
Why might the Russian case study be subject to change
More people migrate to the UK, housing prices, war with Ukraine - currency falls more
Russia case study info
Russian oligarchs - buy swathes of housing in London (Mayfair, Kensington). They come for entertainment, private schools and flight time (under 4 hours). Russians putting money in banks in UK, Russian banks not trusted. War with Ukraine - imposed sanctions against wealthy Russian oligarchs.
Where are the British Bangladeshi population found
Poorest parts of the UK - 33% of population in Tower Hamlets are Bangladeshi
over 50% of population in Whitechapel and Spitalfields
Information about Bangladeshis
In 2015 about 50% of British Bangladeshis born in Bangladesh, +65% live in low-income households, have highest level of illness, unemployment rate 16-24 was 46%.
What are some disadvantages of British Bangladeshi
Lack skills, inability to speak English and they are discriminated against
How have urban areas been altered to reflect social characteristics
Places of worship, shops selling cooking ingredients, community centres, sports and leisure
What has altered perceptions of ethnic groups
Ethnic communities growth, second and third generation immigrants, ‘cultural’ stamp, members of immigrant communities became local Councillors
What are examples of cultural evolution
Suburban communities, cultural festivals, political representation and cultural hybridisation
Southall case study info
Population of 65,000. 83% of residents are ethnic minorities. Largest Sikh community and a large Hindu + Muslim representation. Very localised - shops linked to Punjab region.
What are some Southall places of worship
Gurdwara Sri guru Singh Sabha (Sikh temple), Churches, Mosques
What are some Southall restaurants
South Asian eateries, vibrant central shopping area
What is social exclusion
People are not included, feel marganilised and blocked from opportunities
What indicators would be there if social exclusion was present
Access to jobs - higher unemployment. People don’t vote - no benefit of them voting
Luton case study info
Amongst the highest ethnic minority populations. No single group dominates. African Caribbeans moved to Luton post war. Deprivation - 1/3 more children in poverty. Segregation - Residential segregation moderately high. Labour markets - dominated by car industry.
How is there tension in Luton
Residents displaced by road improvements, Independent shops forced to sell. Change within residential living space. Anti-war protest (only about 20 Muslims). White flight - existing white pop leaves area, ethnic minority moves in.
Why is there tension between original residents and recently arrived immigrants
Built Mosques and madrassas - not well understood by non-muslims. Scale and pace of ethnic change has threatened original residents culture.
What are social impacts of canary wharf
22,000 new homes, changes community - yuppies don’t mix with originals, several new malls
What are economic impacts of canary wharf
Created over 100,000 new jobs, new employment opportunities, high volume of TNC investment
What are environmental impacts of canary wharf
Noise and air pollution, 750 hectares of derelict and reclaimed, 200,000 trees planted
Aragon tower information
Was sold to Berkley homes for £11.5m in 2002, represented true gentrification - lost 144 council flats, new entrance created on west side
Pepy’s estate info
First occupied in 1966, was bulldozed in 1950/60’s, provides 1200 homes, fear of crimes and muggings, Hyde group raised rents - to attract different demographic
