Geography Flashcards
What is a cold enviroment? What might be there?
An area of land always covered by ice. It may have glaciers, ice sheets and frozen rock or soil.
Ablation
Zone with outputs into the glacial budget
Accumulation
Glaciers advance
Continentality
The distance from the sea or ocean
Altitude
Height above sea level
glacial retreat
Ablation > Accumulation. Glacier shrinks
glacial advance
Accumulation> Ablation. Glacier grows
U-shaped valleys
U-shaped valleys: a valley with steep sides and a wide, flat base.
Trough
Long, U-shaped valley with flat floors and steep sides
Continentality
Distance from the ocean or sea.
Misfit river
A river in a valley it
didn’t erode
Glacier
Large body of ice that moves under its own weight
Ordnance Survey
UK mapping agency, produce scaled OS maps
Latitude
Distance from the equator
Grid reference
4 or 6 figure reference used to find a place
Plucking
Meltwater at the base of the glacier freezers. Glacier moves, rock pulled up
Map symbols
An image or letters used on maps to show a specific feature
Erosion
Wearing away and removal of material
Sea level rise
Increased sea levels. With climate change, sea levels are rising
Thermal expansion
Change of water volume with heat.
Freeze thaw weathering
Water gets into cracks in the rocks freezes and expands
Tarn
Deep lake at the base of a corrie filled with water
Basal sliding
Glacier moving over the bed with melt water acting as a lubricant
Abrasion
Rocks in the glacier scrape over the land and wear it away
Corrie? Where on the mountain?
A deep arm chair shaped hollow found in the side of a mountain, The north face
Abraded Man
Old Harry
Locations of cold environments usually depend on either latitude, altitude, or continentality.
Are cold environments usually found in high latitudes or low latitudes?
High latitudes
Locations of cold environments usually depend on either latitude, altitude, or continentality.
Are cold environments usually found in high altitudes or low altitudes?
High altitudes
There is a cold environment on eve ry continent.
(TRUE/False)
True
Glaciers are a system with inputs, processes and outputs.
It is called…
A Glacial budget
Where there are inputs into the glacial budget
Accumulation
Where there are outputs from the glacial budget
Ablation
What might happen in the zone of ablation
Melting due to temperature rise
Shape of a glacial valley
U shaped valleys with steep sides, a wide valley floor. It flows in a straight shape.
We can see glacial features on OS maps.
How could you see steep land on an OS map?
The contour lines are close together
To find a grid reference you follow what rule.
Along the corridor, up the stair
Where is the majo ity (69%) of the world’s fresh water held
In ice
What is the percentage of the fresh water held in ice?
69%
Ice is melting faster than ever. What ice melt is going to add more to the rising sealevels?
Glacier Ice
Read Filippo’s example of a summary the fo mation of a corrie in 3 key steps.
Snow builds up in a hollow on the side of the mountain and forms a glacier.
The glacier erodes downwards using processes such as abrasion (using rocks to scrape and erode), plucking (breaking off chunks of rock from the mountain) and freeze-thaw (when meltwater gets into cracks, freezes and expands to weaken the rock).
The glacier then eventually melts leaving behind an armchair-shaped corrie with a steep back wall and a tarn in the middle.
Name 4 Cold Environments
Arctic Antartica Kilamanjaro, Russia, Iceland, Greenland and more
