GeoCE Module 3: Part 3 Flashcards
It is a sparkling gem-like solid with well-formed faces and a geometric shape.
Crystal
To most people, a crystal is a ____________ with _______________ and a ________________.
sparkling gem-like solid ; well-formed faces ; geometric shape.
To ______ ______, a crystal is a sparkling gem-like solid with well-formed faces and a geometric shape.
most people
For many ______, including all _______, crystal and crystalline also refer to any solid compound having
an ordered, repetitive, atomic structure, which may or may not result in crystal faces and a gemmy appearance.
scientists ; mineralogists
It also refers to any solid compound having
an ordered, repetitive, atomic structure, which may or may not result in crystal faces and a gemmy appearance.
crystal and crystalline
Crystal and crystalline also refer to any solid compound having an _______, _______, ________, which may or may not result in crystal faces and a gemmy appearance.
ordered ; repetitive ; atomic structure
Crystal and crystalline also refer to any solid compound having an ordered, repetitive, atomic structure, which may or may not result in _______ and a __________.
crystal faces; a gemmy appearance.
TRUE OR FALSE:
For many scientists, including all mineralogists, a crystal is a sparkling gem-like solid with well-formed faces and a geometric shape.
FALSE ;
For many scientists, including all mineralogists —
TO MOST PEOPLE
When a __________ refers to a garnet crystal, the reference may be to a dodecahedron.
mineralogists
What is a dodecahedron?
A twelve-sided crystal with diamond-shaped faces.
When a mineralogist refers to a garnet crystal, the reference may be to a _________
dodecahedron
We call crystals, such as the well-formed garnet crystal with well-developed faces, ________.
euhedral.
We call crystals, such as the ___________ with ________ _________, euhedral.
well-formed garnet crystal ; well-developed faces
We use the term _________ in both ways.
“crystal
We use the term crystal in _____ _______
both ways
On the other hand, _________ and _________may refer to crystals of garnet in a rock.
petrologists; mineralogists
On the other hand, petrologists and mineralogists may refer to crystals of garnet in a ________.
rock
On the other hand, petrologists and mineralogists may refer to _____________ in a rock.
crystals of garnet
The crystals may not have any ___________ at all.
smooth faces
what type of rock is garnet gneiss?
a metamorphic rock
The garnet which was picked out of garnet gneiss (a metamorphic rock) lacks _____________________.
crystal faces entirely
If no faces are visible in a crystal, the crystal is __________.
anhedral
These are crystals that fall between euhedral and anhedral.
subhedral
The crystals that fall between ________ and ________ are called subhedral.
euhedral ; anhedral
Mineral crystals always have an _________________________ within them, but the crystals may not be geometrically shaped or smooth on the outside.
ordered arrangement of atoms
_______________ always have an ordered
arrangement of atoms within them, but the crystals
may not be geometrically shaped or smooth on the
outside.
Mineral crystals
Mineral crystals always have an ordered
arrangement of atoms within them, but the crystals
may not be______________________ or ___________________
geometrically shaped ; smooth on the
outside
All garnet crystals, for example, have _______________________________________, but only some garnet crystals have visible crystal faces.
the same highly ordered arrangement of atoms
TRUE OR FALSE;
only SOME garnet crystals have visible crystal faces.
TRUE
Most natural garnet is ______ or, perhaps, __________
anhedral ; subhedral
Most ___________ is anhedral or, perhaps, subhedral.
natural garnet
TRUE OR FALSE
ALL minerals are crystalline
TRUE
With just a few exceptions, all minerals are crystalline, but __________________________ are rare.
perfectly formed crystals with flat faces
Crystal shape reflects the ______________________, when faces on a mineral are fully or partially developed, crystal shape can be a powerful identification tool.
crystal’s atomic arrangement
It reflects the crystal’s atomic arrangement, when faces on a mineral are fully or partially developed,
crystal shape
It can be a powerful identification tool for a crystal
crystal shape
When no faces are _________, we must rely on other properties to identify a mineral.
visible
When no faces are visible, we must rely on _______________ to identify a mineral.
other properties
Mineralogists use the term _______ to refer to a
group of identically shaped faces on a crystal.
form
Mineralogists use the term form to refer to a group of
____________ on a crystal.
identically shaped faces
______ use the term form to refer to a group of identically shaped faces on a crystal.
Mineralogists
The ____________ are related by crystal symmetry and have identical chemical and physical properties.
faces of a form
The faces of a form are related by ____________ and have identical ______________.
crystal symmetry ; chemical and physical properties
If a crystal contains only one form, all crystal faces are _________________________
the same size and shape
If a crystal contains_____________, all crystal faces are the same size and shape.
only one form
__________________, generally have one form consisting of 12 identical diamond-shaped faces like the dodecahedron.
Euhedral garnet crystals
Euhedral garnet crystals, generally have one form consisting of 12 identical diamond-shaped faces like the _______________
dodecahedron.
Euhedral garnet crystals, generally have _________ consisting of ___________________ like the dodecahedron.
one form ; 12 identical diamond-shaped faces
Different samples of the same mineral may _________ with different forms.
crystallize
TRUE OR FALSE:
DIFFERENT samples of the same mineral may NOT crystallize with different forms.
FALSE
it may crystallize with different forms.
Like garnet crystals, ____________ generally have only one form, typically containing six identical nearly (but not quite) square faces
chabazite crystals
Like __________, chabazite crystals generally have only one form, typically containing six identical nearly (but not quite) square faces
garnet crystals
Like garnet crystals, chabazite crystals generally have __________, typically containing _____identical nearly (but not quite) square faces
only one form ; six
Like garnet crystals, chabazite crystals generally have only one form, typically containing six identical nearly (but not quite) ________________
square faces
In the _______________________________ drawings, the different forms have distinctive different shapes.
ilmenite, corundum, vesuvianite and datolite
In the ilmenite, corundum, vesuvianite and datolite drawings, the different forms have ____________________
distinctive different shapes.
In the ________ drawing, all faces are rectangular but not all are the same size.
gehlenite
TRUE OR FALSE
In the gehlenite drawing, all faces are rectangular AND ALL ARE THE SAME SIZE
FALSE
not all are the same size
The gehlenite crystal contains_____ forms (______ pairs of identical rectangular faces) with different sizes.
three ; three
The gehlenite crystal contains three forms (three pairs of _____________ faces) with _________ sizes.
identical rectangular ; different
It is a property closely related to crystal shape includes the shape and size of crystal faces, how forms combine, how well-developed different forms are, and the way multiple crystals grow together.
Habit
Habit, a property closely related to
crystal shape, includes ________________________, ___________, _________________, and _____________. Habit, thus, is the characteristic appearance a mineral
can have.
shape and size of crystal faces, how forms combine, how well-developed different forms are, the way multiple crystals grow together.
Habit, a property closely related to _______________, includes the shape and size of crystal faces, how forms combine, how well-developed different forms are, and the way multiple crystals grow together. Habit, thus, is the characteristic appearance a mineral can have.
crystal shape
Habit is the _______________ a mineral can have.
characteristic appearance
The most useful terms describing habit are self-explanatory. Common ones used to describe the habit of single crystals include equant (_________), acicular (needlelike), tabular, and bladed.
equidimensional
Common ones used to describe the habit of single crystals include equant (equidimensional), acicular (_________), tabular, and bladed.
needlelike
The most useful terms describing habit are self-explanatory. Common ones used to describe the habit of single crystals include ____________, ____________, __________, and _____________.
equant (equidimensional), acicular (needlelike), tabular, and bladed.
The most useful terms describing habit are ______________.
self-explanatory
The most useful terms describing ______________ are self-explanatory.
habit
_______________ are based on mineral appearance, mineral chemistry, where the mineral is found, a famous scientist, or anything else deemed important by a mineral’s discoverer.
Mineral names
Mineral names are based on ????? (MMWAA) < 3
Mineral appearance,
Mineral chemistry,
Where the mineral is found,
A famous scientist or
Anything else deemed important by a mineral’s discoverer
___________________ and ________________________ reviews proposed new mineral names and descriptions and judges their appropriateness
The Commission on New Minerals and New
Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association
The Commission on New Minerals and New Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association reviews proposed ________ and ______ and judges their __________
new names ; descriptions ; appropriateness
TRUE OR FALSE:
The Commission also occasionally discredits old names.
TRUE
_____________ and ________________ requires knowledge of their composition and atomic structure. Mineralogists must include such information when they submit names to the Commission for approval.
Absolute identification ; classification of minerals
Absolute identification and classification of minerals requires___________________. Mineralogists must include such information when they submit names to the Commission for approval.
knowledge of their composition and atomic structure
Absolute identification and classification of minerals requires knowledge of their composition and atomic structure. Mineralogists must include such information when they submit names to the ______________ for approval
Commission for approval.
It refers to the general appearance or sheen of a mineral. It refers to the way in which a mineral reflects light.
Luster
Luster refers to the _____________ or ___________________. It refers to the way in which a mineral reflects light.
general appearance ; sheen of a mineral
Luster refers to the way in which a mineral ____________
reflects light
Minerals that have the shiny appearance of polished metal are said to have a ______________.
metallic luster
Minerals that have the __________ of _________ metal are said to have a metallic luster.
shiny appearance ; polished
TRUE OR FALSE
Minerals that have the shiny appearance of polished metal are said to have a metallic luster. SOME could be used as MIRRORS.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
WELL-CRYSTALLIZED PYRITE, is a good example of METALLIC LUSTER
TRUE
Other commonly metallic minerals
includes: (SMH, CHABONANA)
Stibnite (Sb2S3).
Magnetite (Fe304)
Hematite (Fe203),
CHAlcopyrite (Cufes2),
BOrnite (CuSFes4),
NAtive copper (Cu),
NAtive gold (Au),
Most of minerals with a metallic luster are
______, ________, or _______________.
sulfides, oxides, native elements
Most of minerals with a _________ are sulfides, oxides, or native elements.
metallic luster
Minerals that do not appear metallic have a ___________.
nonmetallic luster
Those minerals that appear only partially metallic are called _______
submetallic.
Minerals that ___________ metallic have a nonmetallic luster. Those that _________ metallic are called submetallic.
do not appear; appear only partially
The chalcopyrite (CuFeS2; gold-bronze color) is _______,
the minor dark grey sphalerite (ZnS) in the photo might be considered ______, and the hard-to-pick-out
fluorite (CaF2) (semi-clear and white) is __________.
metallic ; submetallic ; nonmetallic
Other commonly submetallic minerals include, ______
_______and ___________
cinnabar (HgS), and cuprite (Cu20).
The _____ (CuFeS2; _________) seen in this photo is metallic, the ____________________ (ZnS) in the photo might be considered submetallic, and the _______________(CaF2) (_______________) is nonmetallic.
chalcopyrite - gold-bronze color ;
minor dark grey - sphalerite ;
hard-to-pick-out - fluorite (semi-clear and white)
CuFeS2 - _____
(ZnS) - ____________
CaF2 - ___________
chalcopyrite
sphalerite
fluorite
TRUE OR FALSE
Mineralogists use ONLY ONE term to describe non-metallic lusters.
FALSE
ONLY ONE ——— MANY TERMS
these are nonmetallic minerals that have a glassy appearance.
Vitreous Minerals
Vitreous Minerals
Latin - vitrium, meaning _______
glass
Latin - ________, meaning glass
vitrium
Vitreous Minerals - these are nonmetallic minerals that have a ________________
a glassy appearance.
___________ is an excellent example of Vitreous Minerals.
Quartz (SiO2)
TRUE OR FALSE
Calcite (Caco3), topaz (AI2Si04F2), and fluorite (CaF2) are other minerals that MAY BE VITREOUS
TRUE
Quartz (SiO2) is an excellent example of ________
Vitreous Minerals
these have a luster similar to violin resin or pine pitch
Resinous Minerals
These have a luster similar to violin resin or pine pitch.
Resinous Minerals
The most common mineral example is a resinous variety of ___________
sphalerite (ZnS)
SPHALERITE
Greek - sphaleros
which means _______________
deceiving or treacherous
SPHALERITE
Greek word - ________
which means deceiving or treacherous
sphaleros
SPHALERITE luster can be __________, _________, ____________ or __________
metallic, submetallic, resinous or adamantine.
TRUE OR FALSE
Sphalerite’s name refers to the many DIFFERENT APPERANCES that sphalerite may have.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
Some samples of sphalerite are TRANSPARENT with a vitreous luster
TRUE
_______, which is fossilized tree resin, with an insect inclusion.
amber
amber, which is fossilized ________, with an ___________.
tree resin ; insect inclusion
TRUE OR FALSE
Amber is an example of TRUE MINERAL !
FALSE
Amber is a biomineral, not a
true mineral.
__________-these shows a play of color - color change with angle of view - that resembles grease or maybe fat
Greasy Minerals
Greasy Minerals - these shows a play of _____ – _________ with__________ that resembles grease or maybe fat
color ; color change ; angle of view
Greasy Minerals - these shows a play of color – color change with angle of view - that resembles ___________ or ______________
grease ; maybe fat
Two Examples of Greasy minerals are: (OPACO)
opal and cordierite
TRUE OR FALSE:
JADEITE and a few other minerals SOMETIMES have a greasy luster
TRUE
It occurs most commonly in opal (a mineraloid) and in minerals that contain many small inclusions.
Greasy luster
Greasy luster occurs most commonly in _____ (a _________) and in minerals that contain ________________
opal ; mineraloid ; many small
inclusions.
__________-these appear to have a parallel arrangement of fine fibers
Silky Minerals
Silky Minerals - these appear to have a parallel arrangement of fine fibers, sometimes making them have the ________
luster of silk
Silky Minerals - these appear to have _________________, sometimes making them have the luster of silk
a parallel arrangement of fine fibers
If the fibers are ______, we may describe minerals as fibrous instead of Silky.
coarse
If the fibers are coarse, we may describe minerals as _____ instead of ______.
fibrous ; silky
_______ (a hydrated borate mineral) is a classic but rare example of a silky mineral.
Ulexite
Ulexite (a __________) is a classic but rare example of a silky mineral.
hydrated borate mineral ;
Ulexite (a hydrated borate mineral) is a classic but rare example of ___________
a silky mineral.
TRUE OR FALSE
Ulexite (a hydrated borate mineral) is a classic but NOT RARE example of a silky mineral.
FALSE
Ulexite (a hydrated borate mineral) is a classic but RARE example of a silky mineral.
Satin spar is a variety of gypsum (CaSO4-2H20). It gets its name from its ______________
fibrous appearance.
___________ is a variety of gypsum (CaSO4-2H20). It gets its name from its fibrous appearance.
Satin spar
Satin spar is variety of ________________ (CaSO4-2H20). It gets its name from its fibrous appearance.
gypsum
___________ - crystals that sparkle or appear brillant
Adamantine Minerals
We use the term _______ to describe crystals that sparkle or appear brillant;
adamantine
We use the term adamantine to describe crystals that ________ or ___________
sparkle ; appear brillant
diamond (C) is the best-known example of?
Adamantine Minerals
____________, a variety of quartz (SiO2) from Herkimer, New York can also be adamantine. All these natural and synthetic stones can have their sparkle enhanced with proper faceting
Herkimer diamonds
Herkimer diamonds, a variety of quartz (SiO2), named by a place _________, can also be adamantine. All these natural and synthetic stones can have their sparkle enhanced with proper faceting
Herkimer, New York
Herkimer diamonds is a variety of
______________
quartz (SiO2)
Herkimer diamonds, a variety of quartz (SiO2) from Herkimer, New York can also be adamantine. All these natural and synthetic stones can have their _____________ with _________
sparkle enhanced ; proper faceting
______________ - these show a play of color that resembles that of pearls
Pearly Minerals
Pearly Minerals - these show a play of color that resembles that of ____________
pearls
TRUE OR FALSE
Light reflecting from pearly materials may appear to have washed out RAINBOW colors
TRUE
The play of colors is due to a layered atomic arrangement, so pearly minerals generally have excellent ______________________
planar cleavage.
The play of colors is due to _________________, so pearly minerals generally have excellent planar cleavage.
a layered atomic arrangement
The _________ is due to a layered atomic arrangement, so pearly minerals generally have excellent planar cleavage.
play of colors
______ and ___________ are somewhat dichroic, which means their colors change with angle of view
pearly muscovite ; talc
pearly muscovite and talc are somewhat _______, which means their colors change with angle of view
dichroic
pearly muscovite and talc are somewhat dichroic, which means their ___________ with___________
colors change ; angle of view
______________ show no remarkable luster - because they have non reflective surfaces
Dull minerals
Kaolinite is a good example of ?
Dull Minerals
_________ is usually a fine-grained aggregate of small grains, white, and drab.
Kaolinite
TRUE OR FALSE
Besides kaolinite, the other clay minerals, such as
montmorillonite or illite, also have DULL LUSTERS
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
We say that dull minerals are EARTHY if they have a
brownish or REDDISH color resembling dirt
TRUE
Common hematite is an excellent example of?
Earthy Minerals
Besides hematite, _______ and other __________ and _______ are commonly earthy
limonite ; metal oxides ; hydroxides
limonite , metal oxides and hydroxides are what type of mineral?
earthy
TRUE OR FALSE
Common hematite is an excellent example of an oceanic mineral (although SOME hematite may be METALLIC)
False(oceanic - earthly)
