Geo book 1 chapter 2 Flashcards
Sustainable Development?
- The ability to meet the needs of the current population by providing a high living standards.
- Ensuring that the future generation can meet their needs
- Classified according to development by
- Economic indicators: GDP per capita
- Social Indicators: Life expectancy, adult literacy rate
- Sustainable development factors: Economic sustainability, social sustainability, enviromental sustainability.
- Overfocus on 1 dimension may lead to overlook on another dimension.
- This has to be vary place to place accross time
Economic Sustainability
- High enough density to support local businesses, keeping the infrastructure and transport cost low.
- Local businesses able to sustain themselves when there is a good demand for goods and services.
- Locals can take up employment in those local businesses to earn income, increase standards of living.
- Keep infrastructure and transport near each other to reduce the infrastructure and transport cost.
e.g: MRT station and bus interchange are near each other to save time + reduce the cost.
Social Sustainability
- Ensure that every residents can feel a sense of shared identity.
- This can be achieved by having gathering spaces to promote interactions between the residents.
- Residents can come together, discuss about the issues affecting neighborhoods, voice up their ideas, find solutions.
- Mundane issues can be resolved within community.
e.g: Residents Networks to promote cohesiveness between residents and communities, residents can involve in regular interactions, voice their ideas and find solutions for the issues affecting neighborhood.
Environmental Sustainability
- Ample protection for nature:
+Protect nature so that wildlife can thrive in our urban spaces
+ Protect existing wildlife and recover co-existed wildlife
+ Biodiversity can be maximised when there’re a wide range of wildlife
+ Ensure that nature area can be of different varierities and species
=> Ensure the shelter and food for wider range of animals.
e.g: National Parks Board - Having facilities that encourage minimising waste.
+ Blue recycling bins to encourage people to recycle
+ High enough density to ensure waste will be collected and recycled in economically viable manner
+ Waste recycling encourages between residents and neighbors
e.g: posters - Engergy and water-efficency design for buildings
+ Minimising the useof resources
+ Apply smart technology and environmental friendly features
e.g: cool paints
water harvested from rain can be used to wash corridors and void deck
Ecosystem
Geographic area where living communities and non-living communities interact with each other to form bubble of life.
- Vary in size
- Different aspect affect each other
Provisioning services
- Tangible resources people can get from ecosystem like basic needs: water, food, wood.
- Can be obtained through agricultural activities and fisheries
e.g: community garden on rooftops at Tampines HDB blocks
Regulating services
- benefits obtained from ecosystem regulation services such as climate regulation, disease outbreak regulation and flood regulation
e.g: Bishan Ang Mo Kio park:
climate regulation: tree
flood regulation: tree
air regulation: tree
Cultural services
Ecosystems provide aesthetic, educational, recreational experiences.
Green spaces can provide aesthetic appreciation and recreational activity.
=> Improve people mental and physical health, foster their sense of identity and sense of place
For example: Bedok Resevoir where people can engage in running activities which improve their physical and mental health, watching the large lake, providing with aethetic appreciation.
Supporting services
- Necessary to functioning all the other services, including soil formation, pollination and photosynthesis
e.g: soil formation: essential for the heath of all terrestrial ecosystem(shelter for organism, water filter, contributes to biodiveristy) - Living organism like bees help to pollinate crops to provide food for animals and humans.
- Trees can absorb carbon dioxide and other air pollutants release oxygen during photosynthesis
Fire hazards and their impacts
Fire hazards happens in both non-residential and residential area.
Fire hazards caused by unattended cooking and faulty electrical appliances and wiring which ignite nearby flammable materials, resulting in fire.
e.g: 2021, 358 cases of unattended cooking appliances cause fire in Singapore.
- Impacts:
+ Health impacts
- Burn injuries, disablities deaths if not escape in time.
e.g: 2021: 200 fire injuries
- High levels of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, released cause poisoning, lead to headache, dizziness, unconsciousness and death.
- Acid gases can permanently damage a person’s respiratory system
- Smoke inhalation=> difficulties breathing, suffocation=> death
+ Property damage
- destroy commercial, residential properties like goods, furniture, important documents.
=> economical damage
- Time to repair and rebuild
Air pollution hazard, impacts
- presence of contaminant or pollution in air that do not diperse properly and hence interfere with human health, welfare, produce harmful environment impacts.
- Cause by:
+ Burning vegetation
+ Vehicles - Health Impacts:
+ Respiratory infections, heart diseases, lung cancer.
+ Nitrogen dioxide, PM 2.5(soot, smoke, liquid dropets) emitted in air.
=> High exposure to NO=> ashma in children - PM2.5: lung function decline in elderlies
Traffic hazards, impact
- Collisions between transport
Cause by: - Speeding
- Red-light running
- Drink-driving
=> Irresponsible drivers put themselves and other road users at risk.
e.g: 2021, 969 speeding , 153: drink driving - people suffer serious injuries, disabilities, death
- elderlt pedestrians and motorcyclists account for high chance of traffic accident.
