Gentics evolutionary foundations of nature

Question 1

Darwin’s theory

Answer 1

Proposed a theory pf evolution that explains both the differences and simularities between species.

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

Is composed of a series of amino acids and are templates for RNA.

Question 3

Genotype

Answer 3

The set of genes that an individual inherits.

Question 4

Phenotype

Answer 4

Observable properties of the body and behavioural traits.

Question 5

The normal human cell

Answer 5

Has 23 chromosomes

Question 6

All humans have 22 pairs of chromosomes but:

Answer 6

The last pair are sex chromosomes
XX: female
XY: male

Question 7

Mitosis

Answer 7

When cells )other than reproductive cells) divide to create individual cells

Question 8

Meiosis

Answer 8

Reproductive cells replicate and divide many times to create non-identical cells.

Question 9

Homozygous

Answer 9

when two genes at the same locus on a pair pf chromosomes are the same the individual is homozygous.

Question 10

Heterozygous

Answer 10

When the two genes are not the same the individual is heterozygous.

Question 11

Alleles

Answer 11

Different genes that occupy the same locus and can potentially pair with eachother.

Question 12

Dominant gene

Answer 12

Is one that will produce it’s observable effects in either the homozygous or heterozygous condition.

Question 13

Recessive gene

Answer 13

Is one that will only produce it’s observable effects in the homozygous condition.

Question 14

Mendelian pattern of heredity

Answer 14

Mendel came up with the idea that genes come in pairs and that one can be dominant over the other. Some behaviors are affected by a single gene.

Question 15

Selective breeding

Answer 15

Modifying a specific behaviour or characteristic by mating individuals with or without the specific characteristics.

Question 16

Epigenetics

Answer 16

Examines gene regulating activity that doesn’t involve changes to DNA code and that can persist through one or more generations.

Question 17

Artificial selection

Answer 17

Human controlled selective breeding.

Question 18

Natural selection

Answer 18

Selective breeding in nature

Question 19

Mutations

Answer 19

Errors that occasionally and unpredictably occur during DNA replication.

Question 20

Functionalism

Answer 20

The attempt to explain behavior in terms of what it accomplishes for the behaving individual.

Question 21

Ultimate explanations

Answer 21

Functional explanations at the envolutionary level

Question 22

Proximate explanations

Answer 22

Explanations that deal with the mechanism in the immediate conditons