GenPath (inflammation)

Question 1

True or False: Vascular stimulation of platelets is a hallmark of acute inflammation

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Characterized by the generation of inflammatory mediators and movement of fluid
and leukocytes

Answer 2

Inflammation

Question 3

Occur when inflammatory response is unable to
eliminate the injurious agent or restore injured
tissue to its normal state.

Answer 3

Chronic inflammation

Question 4

chemical mediator that cause chemotaxis

Answer 4

Leukotrienes

Question 5

true or false: Granulomas are the morphological hallmark of
granulomatous inflammation

Answer 5

True

Question 6

The process of transfer from the inside the bloodvessel to outside the blood vessel

Answer 6

Diapedesis

Question 7

powerful vasodilator

Answer 7

histamine

Question 8

Activation of coagulation
will result in the production of ___

Answer 8

fibrin

Question 9

true or false: the presence of cells characteristic of chronic inflammation does not necessarily imply existence of a persistent inflammation

Answer 9

True (A chronic inflammatory infiltrate can also be primary response to parasitic infections
 certain immune diseases
 parasitic infestations
 malignant tumors

Question 10

True or False: Injury can be from a physical agent, chemical agent, or pathogen.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

The recruitment of these WBCs to the area of injury

Answer 11

Chemotaxis

Question 12

The mechanism for dealing with indigestible
substances.

Answer 12

Granulomatous inflammation

Question 13

The type of fluid that will go out from the inflammation is

Answer 13

exudate (exudate because there is not only water that will come out but also proteins and plasma)

Question 14

Triggers inflammation

Answer 14

tissue injury

Question 15

Primary or Secondary: Myeloperoxidase

Answer 15

Primary

Mnemonics for primary:
LyMA(Lima)
- Lysozyme
- Myeloperoxidase
- Acid hydrolases

Question 16

process by which neutrophils will go near the blood vessel wall and adhere to the endothelial lining

Answer 16

margination

Question 17

causes an increase in permeability and also responsible for the stimulation of your pain receptors

Answer 17

Bradykinin

Question 18

two of the major cytokines that mediate infl ammation.

Answer 18

Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-1.

Question 19

diseases that is characterized by formation of granulomas and the formation of this granuloma are poorly explained. This is type of immune disease.

Answer 19

Sarcoidosis

Question 20

Platelets and enterochromaffin cells

Answer 20

serotonin

Question 21

Granuloma giant cell that is arranged in No particular order, arranged haphazardl

Answer 21

Foreign body giant cells

Question 22

True or False: Granulomatous inflammation are populated by multinucleated giant cells formed by cytoplasmic fusion of macrophages

Answer 22

True

Question 23

during this inflammatory stage both soluble mediators and cellular inflammatory systems are activated.

Answer 23

Amplification

Question 24

Characterized by the production of large amount of pus (“nana”) consisting of neutrophils, necroticcells,and edema fluid.

Answer 24

Suppurative

Question 25

Characteristic inflammation of body cavities

Answer 25

Fibrous inflammation

Question 26

primary site at which vasoactive mediators induce endothelial changes including endothelial cell contraction and gap formation

Answer 26

Post Capillary Venule

Question 27

True or False: Leprosy elicits Granulomatous inflammation

Answer 27

True Granumalotous infla can be elicited from: a) Fungal infections b) Tuberculosis c) Leprosy d) Schistosomiasis e) Presence of foreign material, i.esuture, talc f) Sarcoidosis

Question 28

substances found in the plasma inside the blood vessel or they are secreted by cells that participate in the inflammatory response

Answer 28

Chemical mediators

Question 29

manifested by formation of gaps in the endothelial lining of the blood vessels

Answer 29

Increase vascular permeability

Question 30

group of molecules synthesized in the liver and release in the circulation in response to acute inflammatory response

Answer 30

acute phase reactants

Question 31

Local defect or excavation of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by sloughing(orshedding) of the inflammatory necrotic tissue.

Answer 31

Ulcers

Question 32

Characterized when there is activation of the procurement factors in the blood so this will result in the deposition of fibrin.

Answer 32

Fibrous inflammation

Question 33

true or false: chemical mediators are short live

Answer 33

true

Question 34

True or False: Presence of polymorphonuclear leucocytes is the hallmark of chronic inflammation

Answer 34

False (its the hallmark for acute infla)

Question 35

proteins produced by many cell types (principally activated lymphocytes and macrophages, but also endothelial, epithelial, and connective tissue cells) that modulate the functions of other cell types.

Answer 35

Cytokines

Question 36

Excess fluid with low protein content

Answer 36

Transudate

Question 37

Edema fluid with high protein content which frequently contains inflammatory cells.

Answer 37

Exudate

Question 38

True or False: In granulomatous infalmmation, lymphocytes undergo changes In structure that transforms them into plasma cells

Answer 38

False: they transform to epithelioid cells

Question 39

Reaction of a tissue and its microcirculation to a pathologic insult

Answer 39

Inflammation

Question 40

Multiple sites of action, but LYSIS is the underlying theme

Answer 40

Complement system

Question 41

He described that inflammation is a reaction to prior tissue injury.

Answer 41

Rudolf Virchow

Question 42

Increase in the calibre in the lumen of the blood vessel

Answer 42

Vasodilatation

Question 43

Leukocyte chemotaxis and activation, vasodilation (mast cell stimulation)

Answer 43

Complement products (C5a, C3a, C4a)

Question 44

have negative charges. They are unstable compounds and they are highly reactive to cellular systems that is why they are very destructive

Answer 44

Oxygen free radicals

Question 45

Earliest response following tissue injury occurs within?

Answer 45

microvasculature (small blood vessels)

Question 46

Increase in the number of circulating leucocytes.

Answer 46

LEUCOCYTOSIS

Question 47

characterized clinically by fever, leucocytosis,decreased appetite, altered sleep patterns

Answer 47

acute phase reactants

Question 48

true or false: chemical mediators usually has non specific targets

Answer 48

false (they have specific targets)

Question 49

All are components of granulomas except:  Fibroblasts  Lymphocytes  Macrophage  “multinucleated giant cells

Answer 49

NOTC Macrophage = histiocytes

Question 50

Seen in patient with chronic debilitating diseases, typhoid fever, and certain viral and rickettsia infections.

Answer 50

LEUCOPENIA

Question 51

granuloma giant cell that happens when the nuclei are arranged around the periphery of the cell in a horseshoe pattern

Answer 51

Langhans giant cells

Question 52

Also vasodilatation, but more indirect; Evokes nitric oxide synthetase

Answer 52

serotonin

Question 53

Recruitment of your white blood cells to the area of injury.

Answer 53

leukocyte actvation

Question 54

inhibit chemotaxis. It has a different action to other eicosanoids. It causes vasodilatation and counteracts other actions of your chemical mediators like your leukotrienes

Answer 54

Lipoxins

Question 55

movement of fluid into the extravascular space which exceeds the clearance ability of the lymphatics

Answer 55

Edema

Question 56

Vascular smooth muscle relaxation, killing of microbes

Answer 56

Nitric oxide

Question 57

(5HT, 5-Hydroxy-Tryptamine)

Answer 57

serotonin

Question 58

stage of inflammatory process where it is stimulated when injury to tissues has occurred.

Answer 58

Initiation

Question 59

true or false: chemical mediators can cause cascade

Answer 59

true

Question 60

Excess body fluid

Answer 60

Effusion

Question 61

Local endothelial activation (expression of adhesion molecules), fever/pain/anorexia/ hypotension, decreased vascular resistance (shock)

Answer 61

Cytokines (TNF, IL-1)

Question 62

Marked by an outpouring of thin fluid from the blood serum or secretions of mesothelial cells lining the body cavities (an effusion)

Answer 62

Serous inflammation

Question 63

Production of colony-stimulating factors induce proliferation of bone marrow hematopoietic precursor cells.

Answer 63

Leucocytosis

Question 64

Primary or Secondary: Lactoferrin

Answer 64

Secondary Mnemonics: CALL - Collagenase - Alkaline phosphatase - Lactoferrin - Lysozyme