GenPath (inflammation) Flashcards
True or False: Vascular stimulation of platelets is a hallmark of acute inflammation
True
Characterized by the generation of inflammatory mediators and movement of fluid
and leukocytes
Inflammation
Occur when inflammatory response is unable to
eliminate the injurious agent or restore injured
tissue to its normal state.
Chronic inflammation
chemical mediator that cause chemotaxis
Leukotrienes
true or false: Granulomas are the morphological hallmark of
granulomatous inflammation
True
The process of transfer from the inside the bloodvessel to outside the blood vessel
Diapedesis
powerful vasodilator
histamine
Activation of coagulation
will result in the production of ___
fibrin
true or false: the presence of cells characteristic of chronic inflammation does not necessarily imply existence of a persistent inflammation
True (A chronic inflammatory infiltrate can also be primary response to parasitic infections
certain immune diseases
parasitic infestations
malignant tumors
True or False: Injury can be from a physical agent, chemical agent, or pathogen.
True
The recruitment of these WBCs to the area of injury
Chemotaxis
The mechanism for dealing with indigestible
substances.
Granulomatous inflammation
The type of fluid that will go out from the inflammation is
exudate (exudate because there is not only water that will come out but also proteins and plasma)
Triggers inflammation
tissue injury
Primary or Secondary: Myeloperoxidase
Primary
Mnemonics for primary:
LyMA(Lima)
- Lysozyme
- Myeloperoxidase
- Acid hydrolases
process by which neutrophils will go near the blood vessel wall and adhere to the endothelial lining
margination
causes an increase in permeability and also responsible for the stimulation of your pain receptors
Bradykinin
two of the major cytokines that mediate infl ammation.
Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-1.
diseases that is characterized by formation of granulomas and the formation of this granuloma are poorly explained. This is type of immune disease.
Sarcoidosis
Platelets and enterochromaffin cells
serotonin
Granuloma giant cell that is arranged in No particular order, arranged haphazardl
Foreign body giant cells
True or False: Granulomatous inflammation are populated by multinucleated giant cells formed by cytoplasmic fusion of macrophages
True
during this inflammatory stage both soluble mediators and cellular inflammatory systems are activated.
Amplification
Characterized by the production of large amount of pus (“nana”) consisting of neutrophils, necroticcells,and edema fluid.
Suppurative
Characteristic inflammation of body cavities
Fibrous inflammation
primary site at which vasoactive mediators induce
endothelial changes including endothelial cell
contraction and gap formation
Post Capillary Venule
True or False: Leprosy elicits Granulomatous inflammation
True
Granumalotous infla can be elicited from:
a) Fungal infections
b) Tuberculosis
c) Leprosy
d) Schistosomiasis
e) Presence of foreign material, i.esuture, talc
f) Sarcoidosis
substances found in the plasma inside
the blood vessel or they are secreted by cells that participate
in the inflammatory response
Chemical mediators
manifested by formation of gaps in the
endothelial lining of the blood vessels
Increase vascular permeability
group of molecules synthesized in the liver and release in the circulation in response to acute inflammatory response
acute phase reactants
Local defect or excavation of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by sloughing(orshedding) of the inflammatory necrotic tissue.
Ulcers
Characterized when there is activation of the procurement
factors in the blood so this will result in the deposition of fibrin.
Fibrous inflammation
true or false: chemical mediators are short live
true
True or False: Presence of polymorphonuclear leucocytes is the hallmark of chronic inflammation
False (its the hallmark for acute infla)
proteins produced by many cell types (principally activated lymphocytes and macrophages, but also
endothelial, epithelial, and connective tissue cells) that modulate the functions of other cell types.
Cytokines
Excess fluid with low protein content
Transudate
Edema fluid with high protein content which
frequently contains inflammatory cells.
Exudate
True or False: In granulomatous infalmmation, lymphocytes undergo changes In structure that transforms them into plasma cells
False: they transform to epithelioid cells
Reaction of a tissue and its microcirculation to a
pathologic insult
Inflammation
Multiple sites of action, but LYSIS is the underlying theme
Complement system
He described that inflammation is a reaction to prior tissue injury.
Rudolf Virchow
Increase in the calibre in the lumen of the blood vessel
Vasodilatation
Leukocyte chemotaxis and activation, vasodilation
(mast cell stimulation)
Complement products
(C5a, C3a, C4a)
have negative charges. They are
unstable compounds and they are highly reactive to cellular
systems that is why they are very destructive
Oxygen free radicals
Earliest response following tissue injury occurs within?
microvasculature (small blood vessels)
Increase in the number of circulating leucocytes.
LEUCOCYTOSIS
characterized clinically by fever, leucocytosis,decreased appetite, altered sleep patterns
acute phase reactants
true or false: chemical mediators usually has non specific targets
false (they have specific targets)
All are components of granulomas except:
Fibroblasts
Lymphocytes
Macrophage
“multinucleated giant cells
NOTC
Macrophage = histiocytes
Seen in patient with chronic debilitating diseases, typhoid fever, and certain viral and rickettsia infections.
LEUCOPENIA
granuloma giant cell that happens when the nuclei are arranged around the periphery
of the cell in a horseshoe pattern
Langhans giant cells
Also vasodilatation, but more indirect; Evokes nitric oxide synthetase
serotonin
Recruitment of your white blood cells to the area of injury.
leukocyte actvation
inhibit chemotaxis. It has a different action to other
eicosanoids. It causes vasodilatation and counteracts other
actions of your chemical mediators like your leukotrienes
Lipoxins
movement of fluid into the extravascular space which exceeds the clearance ability of the lymphatics
Edema
Vascular smooth muscle relaxation, killing of
microbes
Nitric oxide
(5HT, 5-Hydroxy-Tryptamine)
serotonin
stage of inflammatory process where it is stimulated when injury to tissues has occurred.
Initiation
true or false: chemical mediators can cause cascade
true
Excess body fluid
Effusion
Local endothelial activation (expression of
adhesion molecules), fever/pain/anorexia/
hypotension, decreased vascular resistance
(shock)
Cytokines (TNF, IL-1)
Marked by an outpouring of thin fluid from the
blood serum or secretions of mesothelial cells lining
the body cavities (an effusion)
Serous inflammation
Production of colony-stimulating factors induce proliferation of bone marrow hematopoietic precursor cells.
Leucocytosis
Primary or Secondary: Lactoferrin
Secondary
Mnemonics:
CALL
- Collagenase
- Alkaline phosphatase
- Lactoferrin
- Lysozyme
