Genomics

Question 1

Alternative splicing

Answer 1

a single gene can encode a number of related proteins

Question 2

RNA polymerase I

Answer 2

Synthesizes larger rRNAs

Question 3

RNA polymerase II

Answer 3

Synthesizes mRNAs, most small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs and snoRNAs), microRNAs and telomerase RNA

Question 4

RNA polymerase III

Answer 4

small RNAs, including tRNAs, 5s rRNAs and U6 snRNA

Question 5

RNA polymerase IV, V

Answer 5

siRNAs (plants only)

Question 6

Promoters

Answer 6

Sites in DNA that bind RNA polymerase, located just before initiation site (+1)

Question 7

Upstream

Answer 7

3’, preceding initiation site

Question 8

Downstream

Answer 8

5’, after initiation site

Question 9

Consensus sequence

Answer 9

Occurs 35 bases upstream from initiation site, TTGACA

Question 10

Pribnow box

Answer 10

10 bases upstream of initiation site, TATAAT. Forms transcription bubble

Question 11

TBP

Answer 11

TATA binding protein–subunit of TFIID protein complex. Promotes binding of RNA polymerase II.

Question 12

TAFs

Answer 12

TBP Associated Factors

Question 13

TFIIB

Answer 13

provides RNA pol II binding site

Question 14

TFIIF

Answer 14

Binds to RNA pol II. Contains subunit homologous to bacterial sigma factor.

Question 15

Homeobox Domain

Answer 15

Family of transcription factors, important genes that specify body plan as development occurs, mediates DNA binding

Question 16

Triphosphatase

Answer 16

Capping enzyme that cleaves terminal phosphate (PPP –> PP), to help add 5’ 7-me-guanosine cap to mRNA

Question 17

Guanyltransferase

Answer 17

Capping enzyme that adds GMP in inverted orientation to create 5’-5’ bond, to help add 5’ 7-me-guanosine cap to mRNA

Question 18

RNA methyltransferase

Answer 18

Capping enzyme that methylates inverted guanosine at C-7 and C-2 (+1 position), to help add 5’ 7-me-guanosine cap to mRNA