Genetics

Question 1

Incomplete dominance

Answer 1

Red and white flowers make pink flowers

Question 2

Codominance

Answer 2

Phenotype of heterozygotes are the sum of the 2 traits (have both)

Question 3

Pleitropy

Answer 3

One gene affects many phenotypes

Question 4

Quantitative Characteristics

Answer 4

Characters that vary in a continuum in a population

Question 5

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 5

The additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotype. Multiple genes contribute to phenotype

Question 6

Epistasis

Answer 6

Occurs when a gene at one locus that alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus

Question 7

dominantly inherited diseases

Answer 7

achondroplasia, ataxis, paraplegia, dystonia, inherited dementia

Question 8

recessively inherited diseases

Answer 8

albinism, cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy, sickle cell disease

Question 9

recombination frequency

Answer 9

the percentage of the recombinant offspring over the total

Question 10

Gene annotation

Answer 10

process of identifying all protein-coding genes in a genome sequence and their functions

Question 11

Bioinformatics

Answer 11

application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data

Question 12

chromosome theory of inheritance

Answer 12

Genes have specific loci along chromosomes, and chromosomes undergo segregation and independent assortment.

Question 13

wild type

Answer 13

the phenotype for a character most commonly observed in natural populations

Question 14

Morgan mated a RED eyed female with WHITE eyed mutant male. The offspring (F1) were ____________.
2 F1s were mated. Their offspring ratio: __________.

Answer 14

1. All red eyed

2. Female: red eyed, male: 1/2 red eyed

Question 15

Gene on Y chromosome responsible for male sex development

Answer 15

SRY

Question 16

How is an X chromosome inactivated?

Answer 16

A region on each X chromosome associate briefly during embryonic development. A gene on this region, called XIST (X-inactivation specific transcript) becomes active on the chromosome that will become the barr body. XIST gene makes an RNA product, which attaches to the X chromosome, eventually covering it.

Question 17

Map Unit

Answer 17

equal to 1% recombination frequency

Question 18

Genetic Recombination

Answer 18

Offspring have combinations of traits different from either parent`

Question 19

nondisjunction

Answer 19

members of a pair of homologous chromosomes don’t separate during meiosis I, or sister chromatids don’t separate during meiosis II

Question 20

deletion

Answer 20

a chromosomal fragment is lost; affected chromosome is missing certain genes

Question 21

duplication

Answer 21

deleted fragment from one chromosome attaches to a sister chromatid

Question 22

inversion

Answer 22

chromosomal fragment detaches and reattaches to the chromosome in reverse orientation

Question 23

translocation

Answer 23

deleted fragment attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome

Question 24

Genomic Imprinting

Answer 24

Variation in phenotype that depends on whether the allele was inherited from the mother or the father.

Question 25

Law of Segregation

Answer 25

An organism has 2 alleles for a trait, and these alleles segregate during meiosis so that each gamete gets only 1 allele from each parent.

Question 26

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 26

Alleles from separate traits are passed independently of each other from parent to offspring.

Question 27

Individuals heterozygous for 1 character are called:

Answer 27

Monohybrids