Chapter 2

Question 1

Acidic (-) side chains

Answer 1

Aspartic acid (Asp or D), Glutamic acid (Glu or E)

Question 2

Polar, uncharged side chains

Answer 2

Aspargine (Asn or N), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)

Question 3

Nonpolar side chains

Answer 3

Cysteine (Cys, C), Methionine (Met, M), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Tryptophan (Trp, W), Glycine (Gly, G), Alanine (Ala, A), Valine (Val, V) Leucine (Leu, L), Isoleucine (Ile or I), Proline (Pro, P)

Question 4

Basic (+) side chains

Answer 4

Lysine (Lys, K), Arginine (Arg, R), Histidine (His, H)

Question 5

Aspargine

Answer 5

Asn, N - Polar, uncharged

Question 6

Cysteine

Answer 6

Cys, C - Nonpolar

Question 7

Glutamine

Answer 7

Gln, Q - Polar, uncharged

Question 8

Serine

Answer 8

Ser, S - Polar, uncharged

Question 9

Glycine

Answer 9

Gly, G - Nonpolar

Question 10

Threonine

Answer 10

Thr, T - Polar, uncharged

Question 11

Leucine

Answer 11

Leu, L - Nonpolar

Question 12

Synthase

Answer 12

enzyme involved in molecular synthesis reactions

Question 13

Hydrolase

Answer 13

Enzymes that cleave macromolecules by adding H20 (hydrolysis)

• Nucleases hydrolize nucleic acids
• Proteases hydrolize proteins
• Glycosidases hydrolize carbohydrates
• Lipases hydrolize lipids

Question 14

Protein Kinase

Answer 14

Covalently adds phosphate (from ATP) to ser, thr, or tyr side chains of proteins (on switch)

Question 15

Protein Phosphatase

Answer 15

remove covalently-bound phosphate from proteins (reverse of protein kinase) (off switch)

Question 16

ATPase

Answer 16

a general term for enzymes that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to perform work.