Genomic Sequencing Flashcards
What is genomics
Genomics is the study of genomes
How are the sizes of genomes measured
Measured in millions of base pairs
How can the sequence of nucleotide bases be determined in genomic sequencing
In genomic sequencing the sequence of nucleotide bases can be determined for individual genes and entire genomes
What can computer programmes be used to identify
To identify base sequences by looking for sequences similar to known genes
What is used to compare sequence data
Computer and statistical analysis ( bioinformatics) are required
What is phylogenetics
Phylogenetic’s is the study of evolutionary history and relationships
What can we use sequence data for
To study the evolutionary relatedness among groups of organisms
What is sequence divergence used for
Sequence divergence is used to estimate time since lineages divided
What is used to determine the main sequence of events in evolution
Phylogenetic and molecular clocks
Sequences of events can be determined by using
Sequence data
Fossil evidence
The main sequence of events in evolution of life:
•cells
•last universal ancestor
•prokaryotes
•photosynthetic organisms
•eukaryotes
•multicellularity
•animals
•vertebrates
•land plants
Speciation can be estimated using two pieces of evidence:
Molecular clocks
Fossils
What are molecular clocks used to show
Used to show when species diverged during evolution. They assume constant mutation rate and show differences in DNA sequences or amino acid sequences.
What does the difference in sequence data between species indicate?
Indicates the time of divergence from a common ancestor
What can an individuals genome be analysed for
To predict the likelihood of developing certain diseases
