Genomes, chromosomes, and genese Flashcards
1
Q
What is the genome
A
- sum of all DNA in an organism
- all 46 chromosomes
- made up of coding and non coding regions
2
Q
What are the coding regions of a genome
A
- the genes
- regulatory elements
3
Q
What are the non-coding regions of a genome
A
- pseudogenes (fossil genes no longer expressed due to mutations)
- telomeres
- ERVs (DNA segments that used to code for viruses but mutations have caused them to go extinct)
- transposons (parts of genome that switch spots throughout it)
4
Q
From big to small, describe structure of a chromo
A
chromosome -> chromatid -> chromatin -> histone ->DNA helix
5
Q
Promoter
A
start of a gene on DNA that allows RNA poly to bind to DNA
6
Q
Operator sequence
A
switch that turns operon on or off by allowing a repressor to bind and block RNA poly from binding to promoter and code for mRNA
7
Q
start codon
A
first codon of an AA sequence in mRNA (AUG or Met)
8
Q
introns
A
sections of gene that are spliced out
9
Q
exon
A
expressed as AA
10
Q
stop codon
A
tells ribosome to stop making AA chain
11
Q
Terminator
A
Tells RNA poly where the gene ends
