Genomes And Characteristics P4 Flashcards
What is a chromosome?
Really long molecules of DNA
What is the genome of an organism?
The entire genetic material of an organism.
Where is genetic material stored in a plant cell and how is it arranged?
The genetic material is stored in the nucleus and is arranged into chromosomes.
Where is genetic material stored in an animal cell and how is it arranged?
The genetic material is stored in the nucleus and is arranged into chromosomes.
Chromosomes normally come in pairs. How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23 pairs (46 chromosomes in total)
What is a chromosome?
One very long molecule of DNA that’s coiled up.
DNA is a polymer made up of what?
Monomers (smaller, repeating units) called Nucleotides
What is a double helix?
A double stranded spiral.
What does each DNA molecule contain?
2 strands of nucleotides, which coil together in a double helix.
What are genes?
A short length of DNA on a chromosome.
What does each gene do?
Each gene codes for (tells the cells to make) a particular sequence of amino acids, which are put together to make a specific protein.
What is the process of making a big molecule (e.g.a protein) from lots of smaller molecules (e.g.amino acids) called?
Polymerisation
What do proteins control?
Proteins control the development of different characteristics (e.g.dimples) and how an orangish functions.
Genes can exist in different versions.
Each versions gives a different form of a characteristic, like blue or brown eyes.
What are different versions of the same gene called?
Alleles
Each chromosome in a pair carries the same gene.
Are the alleles the same too?
They may be different.
What are differ versions of a gene called?
Genetic variants.
What is a genotype?
The combination of alleles an organism has for each gene.
What is a phenotype?
The characteristics the organism displays.
What can affect an organisms phenotype?
Genotype and interactions with the environment can modify a phenotype.
For example the maximum height that a plant can grow to is determined by its genes. But whether it actually grows that tall depends on its environment (e.g.how much food it gets)
What is an organisms genome? (1mark)
The entire genetic material of an organism (1 mark)
What is an organisms
A) genotype
B)phenotype
(2 marks)
A) An organisms genotype is the combination of alleles it has for each gene. (1 mark)
B) An organisms phenotype is the characteristics that it displays. (1 mark)
