Genomes And Characteristics P4

Question 1

What is a chromosome?

Answer 1

Really long molecules of DNA

Question 2

What is the genome of an organism?

Answer 2

The entire genetic material of an organism.

Question 3

Where is genetic material stored in a plant cell and how is it arranged?

Answer 3

The genetic material is stored in the nucleus and is arranged into chromosomes.

Question 4

Where is genetic material stored in an animal cell and how is it arranged?

Answer 4

The genetic material is stored in the nucleus and is arranged into chromosomes.

Question 5

Chromosomes normally come in pairs. How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 5

23 pairs (46 chromosomes in total)

Question 6

What is a chromosome?

Answer 6

One very long molecule of DNA that’s coiled up.

Question 7

DNA is a polymer made up of what?

Answer 7

Monomers (smaller, repeating units) called Nucleotides

Question 8

What is a double helix?

Answer 8

A double stranded spiral.

Question 9

What does each DNA molecule contain?

Answer 9

2 strands of nucleotides, which coil together in a double helix.

Question 10

What are genes?

Answer 10

A short length of DNA on a chromosome.

Question 11

What does each gene do?

Answer 11

Each gene codes for (tells the cells to make) a particular sequence of amino acids, which are put together to make a specific protein.

Question 12

What is the process of making a big molecule (e.g.a protein) from lots of smaller molecules (e.g.amino acids) called?

Answer 12

Polymerisation

Question 13

What do proteins control?

Answer 13

Proteins control the development of different characteristics (e.g.dimples) and how an orangish functions.

Question 14

Genes can exist in different versions.

Each versions gives a different form of a characteristic, like blue or brown eyes.

What are different versions of the same gene called?

Answer 14

Alleles

Question 15

Each chromosome in a pair carries the same gene.

Are the alleles the same too?

Answer 15

They may be different.

Question 16

What are differ versions of a gene called?

Answer 16

Genetic variants.

Question 17

What is a genotype?

Answer 17

The combination of alleles an organism has for each gene.

Question 18

What is a phenotype?

Answer 18

The characteristics the organism displays.

Question 19

What can affect an organisms phenotype?

Answer 19

Genotype and interactions with the environment can modify a phenotype.

For example the maximum height that a plant can grow to is determined by its genes. But whether it actually grows that tall depends on its environment (e.g.how much food it gets)

Question 20

What is an organisms genome? (1mark)

Answer 20

The entire genetic material of an organism (1 mark)

Question 21

What is an organisms

A) genotype

B)phenotype

(2 marks)

Answer 21

A) An organisms genotype is the combination of alleles it has for each gene. (1 mark)

B) An organisms phenotype is the characteristics that it displays. (1 mark)