Cells and Genetic Material p2

Question 1

What are all living things made of?

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

Name the two different types of cell

Answer 2

Prokaryotic or eukaryotic

Question 3

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 3

Eukaryotic cella are complex and include all animal and plant cells

Question 4

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 4

Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler e.g. bacterial cells

Question 5

What do cells contain?

Answer 5

Genetic material in the form of the chemical DNA.

This includes instructions that control the activities of the cell and allows the whole organism to develop and function.

Question 6

Eukaryotic cell.

What is the nucleus?

Answer 6

Contains the genetic material, which is arranged into chromosomes.

Question 7

Eukaryotic cells

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 7

Gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions.

Question 8

Eukaryotic cells

What does the partially permeable cell membrane do?

Answer 8

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.

Question 9

Eukaryotic cells

What is mitochondria?

Answer 9

It contains the enzymes needed to control most of the reactions in aerobic respiration. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.

Question 10

Eukaryotic cell

What are ribosomes?

Answer 10

These are involved in the synthesis of proteins.

Question 11

Eukaryotic cell name 5 sub cellular structures in eukaryotic animal cells.

Answer 11

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Partially permeable cell membrane
Mitochondria 
Ribosomes

Question 12

Eukaryotic plant cells

What is the rigid cell wall?

Answer 12

It is made of cellulose and supports the cell and strengthens it.

Question 13

Eukaryotic plant cell

What does the large vacuole contain?

Answer 13

It contains the cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts.

Question 14

Eukaryotic plant cells

What happens in the chloroplasts?

Answer 14

These are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll.

Question 15

Eukaryotic cell name 8 sub cellular structures in eukaryotic plant cells.

Answer 15

Nucleus 
Cytoplasm 
Partially permeable cell membrane 
Mitochondria 
Ribosomes 
Rigid cell wall
Large vacuole 
Chloroplasts

Question 16

What do eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells don’t ?

Answer 16

Nucleus

Question 17

How do prokaryotic cells store their genetic material?

Answer 17

They store genetic material as:

One long circular chromosome, which floats free in the cytoplasm.

Plasmids-small loops of extra DNA.

Question 18

Do all prokaryotic cells contain plasmids?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

What genetic material do plasmids contains?

Answer 19

They contain genes for things like drug resistance, and can be passed between prokaryotic cells.

Question 20

Name the 6 sub cellular structures found in prokaryotic cells.

Answer 20

Cell membrane
Cell wall
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm 
Plasmids
One long circular chromosome

Question 21

Give two ways in which genetic influence emotion may be stored in a prokaryotic cell (2 marks)

Answer 21

As one long circular chromosome (1 mark) or in a plasmid (1mark)