B2 Keeping Healthy

Question 1

Key words

Answer 1

Pathogen
Communicable
Non communicable
Virus
Bacteria
Fungi
Protests
Microorganisms

Question 2

Communicable means….

Answer 2

….can be passed from person to person.

Question 3

Examples of communicable diseases

Answer 3

Cold
Conjunctivitis
Flu
Ebola
HIV

Question 4

Non communicable means….

Answer 4

…..can’t be passed from person to person and is usually genetic.

Question 5

Examples of non communicable diseases

Answer 5

Cystic fibrosis
Malaria
Type 2 diabetes
Cancer

Question 6

Pathogen means….

Answer 6

…a bacterium, virus or microorganism that can cause disease

Question 7

Virus are….

Answer 7

….really tiny (about 1/100th the size of bacterium). They replicate themselves inside the infected organisms cells. These cells them burst releasing the viruses

Question 8

Bacteria are…

Answer 8

…..very small cells (about 1/100th the size of your body cells), which can reproduce rapidly. They make you feel ill by producing toxins (poisons) that damage your cells and tissues.

Question 9

Protists are….

Answer 9

….these are eukaryotic (have a nucleus), usually single called and vary in size.

Question 10

Fungi are…

Answer 10

….some fungi are single celled, while others have a body made up of a thread like structure called hyphae. These hyphae can grow and penetrate human skin and the surface of plants causing diseases. They can also produce spores which can be spread to other plants and animals.

Question 11

Microorganism means…

Answer 11

…..a very small organism such as a virus, bacterium or fungus.

Question 12

What physical defences does the body use to prevent infections?

Answer 12

The skin
Blood clotting
Mucous membrane and cilia

Question 13

How the skin help to prevent infection?

Answer 13

The skin covers the whole body. It protects the body from physical damage, microbe infection and dehydration.

Question 14

How does blood clotting help to prevent infections?

Answer 14

Blood clots stop you losing too much blood, and help to prevent microorganisms getting in. This is aided by platelets. (Platelets in the blood clump together to plug the wound.)

Question 15

How does mucous membrane help the body prevent infection?

Answer 15

The respiratory tract (nasal passage, trachea and lungs) is lined with mucous and the cilia (hair like structures). The mucous stops particles that could contain pathogens and the cilia wafts the mucous up to the back of the throat where it can be swallowed .

Question 16

What chemical defences does the body use to prevent infection?

Answer 16

Tears
Saliva
Stomach acid

Question 17

How does the body use stomach acids to prevent infections?

Answer 17

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach kill harmful microorganisms that might be in the food and drink we ingest.

Question 18

How does the body use tears to prevent infections?

Answer 18

Eyes produce an enzyme called lysozyme which breaks down bacteria on the surface of the eye.

Question 19

How does the body use saliva to prevent infection?

Answer 19

Saliva produced in the mouth, contains molecules which kill pathogens that enter the mouth so they don’t reach the stomach.

Question 20

What 3 defences does the body use to prevent infection?

Answer 20

Physical
Chemical
Microbial

Question 21

What are microbial defences?

Answer 21

Some pathogens manage to make it past saliva in the mouth and the acid in the stomach and enter the gut. Here they have to compete with bacteria which naturally live in the gut (intestines) in order to survive.

Question 22

Give an example of a virus in an animal

Answer 22

Flu

Question 23

Give an example of a virus in a plant

Answer 23

Tobacco mosaic virus

Question 24

Give an example of bacteria in an animal

Answer 24

Food poisoning (Salmonella )

Question 25

Give an example of bacteria in a plant

Answer 25

Crown gall disease

Question 26

Give an example of a fungi infection in an animal

Answer 26

Athletes foot

Question 27

Give an example of a fungal infection in a plant

Answer 27

Ash die back

Question 28

Give an example of an infection caused by Protists in animals

Answer 28

Malaria

Question 29

Give an example of an infection caused by Protists in a plant

Answer 29

Potato blight