Genome, Chromosomes, Genes, DNA and genetics

Question 1

genome

Answer 1

entire genetic material of an organism

Question 2

chromosomes

Answer 2

genetic structures occurring in the nucleus of cells except gametes and bacteria.

Question 3

Genes

Answer 3

sections of the chromosomes made up of short lengths of DNA that operate as functional units to control characteristics

Question 4

alleles

Answer 4

different forms of the same gene

Question 5

Structure of DNA

Answer 5

Made up of nucleotide. Nucleotides are made off phosphate and deoxyribose sugar backbone with interlinking bases to from double helix

Question 6

base pairs

Answer 6

A-T

C-G

Question 7

base triple hypothesis

Answer 7

every 3 bases code for a specific amino acid.

Question 8

what do genes control

Answer 8

production of protein

eg enzyme, hormone, hair.

Question 9

mitosis

Answer 9

exact duplication of chromosomes producing daughter cells that are genetically identical to their parent cells and clones

Question 10

miosis

Answer 10

reduction division (one cell producing four genetically different, haploid daughter cells) and as the process that, through independent assortment, reassorts the chromosomes to provide variation

Question 11

dominant

Answer 11

is the allele that is expressed in the presence of another allele. eg R is dominant over r

Question 12

recessive

Answer 12

is the allele that is not expressed in the presence of another allele eg r is recessive to R

Question 13

genotype

Answer 13

alleles an individual possesses eg Rr or rr or RR

Question 14

phenotype

Answer 14

physical appearance of an individual eg tongue roller or non tongue roller

Question 15

homozygous

Answer 15

having two same alleles eg rr or RR

Question 16

heterizygous

Answer 16

having two different allele eg Rr