Geno-urinary system Flashcards
What are the 3 components of the upper female genital tracts?
- Ovaries
- Cervix
- Uterus
What are the 3 components of the lower female genital tracts?
- Vagina
- Clitoris
- Labia minora and majora
What’s the function of the uterus?
Womb, implant and the fertilized egg grow
What are the 2 main subdivisions of the uterus?
Fundus and body
Where do the internal and external os open to?
External os opens into vagina
Internal os opens into the uterus
What is meant by version of the uterus?
Version is the angle of cervix to vagina
-Displacement of the entire organ forwards or backwards
What is meant by flexion of the uterus?
Flexion is the angle of the uterus to cervix
-Bending of the uterus back on itself
What does the ovarian ligament connect?
Connects ovary to lateral surface of the uterus
What does the suspensory . ligament connect?
Connects ovary to anterior abdominal wall
What is the broad ligament and what is it associated with and where does it extend from?
The broad ligament is a flat sheet of peritoneum, associated with the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. It extends from the lateral pelvic walls on both sides and folds over the internal female genitalia, covering their surface anteriorly and posteriorly
What is the round ligament?
A remnant of the gubernaculum extending from the uterine horns to the labia
majora via the inguinal canal. It functions to maintain the anteverted position of the uterus
What is the cardinal ligament?
Located at the base of the
broad ligament, the cardinal ligament extends
from the cervix to the lateral pelvic walls. It contains the uterine artery and vein in addition to
providing support to the uterus
What is the uterosacral ligament?
Extends from the cervix to
the sacrum. It provides support to the uterus
What is the mesovarium?
Mesovarium is ovary to broad ligament.(portion of the broad ligament of the uterus that suspends the ovaries)
What is the mesosalpinx?
Mesosalpinx is fallopian tube to ovary (portion of the broad ligament that stretches from the ovary to the uterine tubes
What artery supplies the uterus?
Uterine artery supplies the uterus
What does the uterine artery arise from?
Uterine artery arises from the internal iliac artery
What is a hysterectomy and what does it involve?
A hysterectomy is the
removal of the uterus. It involves clamping the uterine artery so blood isn’t lost.
Uterine artery passes over the ureter (around 1cm lateral to the internal os) so care must be taken to
avoid clamping the
urete
What are the 4 parts of the uterine tubes?
- Fimbriae
- Infundibulum
- Ampulla
- Isthmus
What is a life threatening condition associated with the uterine tube?
Ectopic pregnancy
Where does ovarian blood supply come from?
Comes from the abdominal aorta
Where do ovarian veins drain into?
Ovarian veins drain into:
o Left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein
o Right ovarian vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava
What is the vagina?
The vagina is a fibro-muscular tube capable of expansion
What is the length of the vagina?
Length of 3-4 inches
What are vaginal fornices?
Vaginal fornices are recesses between vagina and cervix
Where can fluid from infection in vagine drain to?
Can drain into the pouch of douglas
What are the internal male genitalia?
- Seminal vesicles
- Prostate
- Vas deferens
What are the external male genitalia?
- Penis
- Scrotum
- Testes
What are the function of the testes?
- Produce and store sperm
- 290 million sperm produced daily
Where do testes descend from and to where?
Testes descend from the posterior abdominal wall to the scrotum
Why are testes situated externally?
Testes situated externally
because require cooler
temperatures to cool the sperm
What is the testicular blood supply?
Testicular artery and veins via the spermatic duct
What is the function of the epididymis?
Stores and matures sperm
Where does the epididymis lie?
Lies above and loosely attached the testes
Where do hernias usually occur in relation to the testes?
Inguinal canal is where hernias usually occur
What are the components of . the spermatic cord which traverses the inguinal canal?
- Testicular artery
- Pampiniform plexus
- Vas deferens
What is the prostate gland and where is it situated?
The prostate gland is a fibro-glandular structure in the shape of an inverted cone and situated at the base of . the bladder
What are the functions of the prostate gland?
- Liquefy sperm
- Produce the main water content of the ejaculatory fluid and contain chemicals that turn it sticky
Where does the prostatic urethra pass through?
Prostatic urethra passes through the gland, from base to apex
What are seminal vesicles and what is there function?
Seminal vesicles are glands and found superior and laterally in relation to the prostate
-Function is to produce semen
How are ejeaculaoty ducts formed?
Ejaculatory ducts formed by the joining of the opening of the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens
Opens into prostatic urethra
What are the 2 main divisions of the penis?
- Root
2. Body(Corpus spongiosum in middle and two corpus cavernosa on either side)
What is the corpus cavernosa?
Is the paired dorsal erectile bodies bound by fibrous tunica albuginea
What is the corpus spongiosum?
It is surrounded by the urethra and expands to from the glans and bulb of the penis
What is the structure that expands distally to form the glans penis?
The corpus spongiosum
What is the erectile tissue?
Corpus cavernosa and spongiosum
What are the layers of the scrotum?
S-Skin D-Dartos muscle and fascia E-External spermatic fascia C-Cremasteric Fascia I-Internal Spermatic fascia T-Tunica vaginalis T-Tunica albuginea
What are the approximate dimensions of the kidney?
Approximate dimensions of the kidney is 11cm
Why is the right right kidney slightly lower compared to the left kidney?
Right kidney slightly lower because of liver in front of it
What is the hilum of the kidney and what does it involve?
Hilum of the kidney is the vessels and involve renal artery and vein and the ureter
What is the blood supply to the kidneys?
Blood supply to the kidneys is the renal artery and vein
At what rate does blood flow in the kidneys?
125ml/min
What is the function of the ureters?
Function of the ureters is to transport urine from kidney into bladder
What are ureters and where do they receive their blood supply from?
Ureters are also retroperitoneal and receive a blood supply from a variety of vessels along their route
How does the ureters pierce the lateral aspect of the bladder wall and what does this create and prevent?
ureters pierce the bladder walls lateral aspect in an oblique manner
This creates a one way valve where high intramural pressure collapses the ureters preventing urine back flow
What is the ureteric reflux?
Is when urine flows back into the ureters
What is the function of the bladder?
To store and expel urine
What is the structure of the bladder?
It is a 3 sided pyramid with the apex pointing to the pubic symphysis
What is the bladder trigone?
The trigone is a smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the 2 ureters and 1 urethra
Why are females more prone to urethral infections?
Urethra length shorter in females (4cm) than in males (20cm)
What are the 3 parts of the male urethra?
- Prostatic-3cm
- Membranous-1.5cm
- Penile urethra-15cm
