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ANNNAA > Geno-urinary system > Flashcards

Geno-urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 components of the upper female genital tracts?

A
  1. Ovaries
  2. Cervix
  3. Uterus
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2
Q

What are the 3 components of the lower female genital tracts?

A
  1. Vagina
  2. Clitoris
  3. Labia minora and majora
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3
Q

What’s the function of the uterus?

A

Womb, implant and the fertilized egg grow

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4
Q

What are the 2 main subdivisions of the uterus?

A

Fundus and body

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5
Q

Where do the internal and external os open to?

A

External os opens into vagina

Internal os opens into the uterus

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6
Q

What is meant by version of the uterus?

A

Version is the angle of cervix to vagina

-Displacement of the entire organ forwards or backwards

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7
Q

What is meant by flexion of the uterus?

A

Flexion is the angle of the uterus to cervix

-Bending of the uterus back on itself

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8
Q

What does the ovarian ligament connect?

A

Connects ovary to lateral surface of the uterus

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9
Q

What does the suspensory . ligament connect?

A

Connects ovary to anterior abdominal wall

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10
Q

What is the broad ligament and what is it associated with and where does it extend from?

A

The broad ligament is a flat sheet of peritoneum, associated with the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. It extends from the lateral pelvic walls on both sides and folds over the internal female genitalia, covering their surface anteriorly and posteriorly

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11
Q

What is the round ligament?

A

A remnant of the gubernaculum extending from the uterine horns to the labia
majora via the inguinal canal. It functions to maintain the anteverted position of the uterus

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12
Q

What is the cardinal ligament?

A

Located at the base of the
broad ligament, the cardinal ligament extends
from the cervix to the lateral pelvic walls. It contains the uterine artery and vein in addition to
providing support to the uterus

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13
Q

What is the uterosacral ligament?

A

Extends from the cervix to

the sacrum. It provides support to the uterus

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14
Q

What is the mesovarium?

A

Mesovarium is ovary to broad ligament.(portion of the broad ligament of the uterus that suspends the ovaries)

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15
Q

What is the mesosalpinx?

A 
Mesosalpinx
is fallopian tube to ovary
(portion of
the broad ligament that stretches from
the ovary to the uterine tubes
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16
Q

What artery supplies the uterus?

A

Uterine artery supplies the uterus

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17
Q

What does the uterine artery arise from?

A

Uterine artery arises from the internal iliac artery

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18
Q

What is a hysterectomy and what does it involve?

A

A hysterectomy is the
removal of the uterus. It involves clamping the uterine artery so blood isn’t lost.
Uterine artery passes over the ureter (around 1cm lateral to the internal os) so care must be taken to
avoid clamping the
urete

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19
Q

What are the 4 parts of the uterine tubes?

A
  1. Fimbriae
  2. Infundibulum
  3. Ampulla
  4. Isthmus
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20
Q

What is a life threatening condition associated with the uterine tube?

A

Ectopic pregnancy

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21
Q

Where does ovarian blood supply come from?

A

Comes from the abdominal aorta

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22
Q

Where do ovarian veins drain into?

A

Ovarian veins drain into:
o Left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein
o Right ovarian vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava

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23
Q

What is the vagina?

A

The vagina is a fibro-muscular tube capable of expansion

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24
Q

What is the length of the vagina?

A

Length of 3-4 inches

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25
Q

What are vaginal fornices?

A

Vaginal fornices are recesses between vagina and cervix

26
Q

Where can fluid from infection in vagine drain to?

A

Can drain into the pouch of douglas

27
Q

What are the internal male genitalia?

A
  1. Seminal vesicles
  2. Prostate
  3. Vas deferens
28
Q

What are the external male genitalia?

A
  1. Penis
  2. Scrotum
  3. Testes
29
Q

What are the function of the testes?

A
  • Produce and store sperm

- 290 million sperm produced daily

30
Q

Where do testes descend from and to where?

A

Testes descend from the posterior abdominal wall to the scrotum

31
Q

Why are testes situated externally?

A

Testes situated externally
because require cooler
temperatures to cool the sperm

32
Q

What is the testicular blood supply?

A

Testicular artery and veins via the spermatic duct

33
Q

What is the function of the epididymis?

A

Stores and matures sperm

34
Q

Where does the epididymis lie?

A

Lies above and loosely attached the testes

35
Q

Where do hernias usually occur in relation to the testes?

A

Inguinal canal is where hernias usually occur

36
Q

What are the components of . the spermatic cord which traverses the inguinal canal?

A
  • Testicular artery
  • Pampiniform plexus
  • Vas deferens
37
Q

What is the prostate gland and where is it situated?

A

The prostate gland is a fibro-glandular structure in the shape of an inverted cone and situated at the base of . the bladder

38
Q

What are the functions of the prostate gland?

A
  • Liquefy sperm

- Produce the main water content of the ejaculatory fluid and contain chemicals that turn it sticky

39
Q

Where does the prostatic urethra pass through?

A

Prostatic urethra passes through the gland, from base to apex

40
Q

What are seminal vesicles and what is there function?

A

Seminal vesicles are glands and found superior and laterally in relation to the prostate
-Function is to produce semen

41
Q

How are ejeaculaoty ducts formed?

A

Ejaculatory ducts formed by the joining of the opening of the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens
Opens into prostatic urethra

42
Q

What are the 2 main divisions of the penis?

A
  1. Root

2. Body(Corpus spongiosum in middle and two corpus cavernosa on either side)

43
Q

What is the corpus cavernosa?

A

Is the paired dorsal erectile bodies bound by fibrous tunica albuginea

44
Q

What is the corpus spongiosum?

A

It is surrounded by the urethra and expands to from the glans and bulb of the penis

45
Q

What is the structure that expands distally to form the glans penis?

A

The corpus spongiosum

46
Q

What is the erectile tissue?

A

Corpus cavernosa and spongiosum

47
Q

What are the layers of the scrotum?

A 
S-Skin
D-Dartos muscle and fascia
E-External spermatic fascia
C-Cremasteric Fascia
I-Internal Spermatic fascia
T-Tunica vaginalis
T-Tunica albuginea
48
Q

What are the approximate dimensions of the kidney?

A

Approximate dimensions of the kidney is 11cm

49
Q

Why is the right right kidney slightly lower compared to the left kidney?

A

Right kidney slightly lower because of liver in front of it

50
Q

What is the hilum of the kidney and what does it involve?

A

Hilum of the kidney is the vessels and involve renal artery and vein and the ureter

51
Q

What is the blood supply to the kidneys?

A

Blood supply to the kidneys is the renal artery and vein

52
Q

At what rate does blood flow in the kidneys?

A

125ml/min

53
Q

What is the function of the ureters?

A

Function of the ureters is to transport urine from kidney into bladder

54
Q

What are ureters and where do they receive their blood supply from?

A

Ureters are also retroperitoneal and receive a blood supply from a variety of vessels along their route

55
Q

How does the ureters pierce the lateral aspect of the bladder wall and what does this create and prevent?

A

ureters pierce the bladder walls lateral aspect in an oblique manner
This creates a one way valve where high intramural pressure collapses the ureters preventing urine back flow

56
Q

What is the ureteric reflux?

A

Is when urine flows back into the ureters

57
Q

What is the function of the bladder?

A

To store and expel urine

58
Q

What is the structure of the bladder?

A

It is a 3 sided pyramid with the apex pointing to the pubic symphysis

59
Q

What is the bladder trigone?

A

The trigone is a smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the 2 ureters and 1 urethra

60
Q

Why are females more prone to urethral infections?

A

Urethra length shorter in females (4cm) than in males (20cm)

61
Q

What are the 3 parts of the male urethra?

A
  1. Prostatic-3cm
  2. Membranous-1.5cm
  3. Penile urethra-15cm

ANNNAA (4 decks)

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