Anatomy MMS: Muscles

Question 1

What does the muscular system consist of?

Answer 1

Consists of muscles that contract to move parts of the body

Question 2

What can muscles move?

Answer 2

Muscles can move the limbs and trunk and internal organs

Question 3

What do muscles give shape to and provide?

Answer 3

Muscles give shape to the body and provide heat

Question 4

What do associated connective tissue bind?

Answer 4

Associated connective tissue bind muscle fibres together and conveys vessels and nerves

Question 5

What are the 3 types of muscles?

Answer 5

• Skeletal muscle
• Cardiac muscle
• Smooth muscle

Question 6

What is the structure of cardiac muscle?

Answer 6

-Striated muscle

Question 7

What do cardiac muscle form ?

Answer 7

Forms most of the walls of the chambers of the heart

Question 8

What intrinsic ability do cardiac muscles have?

Answer 8

Has intrinsic ability to contract

Question 9

What are cardiac muscles resistant to?

Answer 9

Resistant to fatigue

Question 10

What is the structure of smooth muscle?

Answer 10

• Unstriated

- Visceral

Question 11

Where are smooth muscle found?

Answer 11

Found in the walls of vessels and hollow organs

Question 12

What do smooth muscles undergo and to do what?

Answer 12

Undergo peristaltic contractions to move contents

Question 13

What is the structure of skeletal muscle?

Answer 13

-Striated in appearance

Question 14

What are skeletal muscles involved in?

Answer 14

Involved in locomotion and movement of joints

Question 15

What do skeletal muscle consist of?

Answer 15

Consists of bundles of elongated cylindrical cells called muscle fibres

Question 16

What are muscle fibres and what do they contain?

Answer 16

Muscle fibres are multinucleated and contain a number of myofibrils

Question 17

What are skeletal muscle surrounded by?

Answer 17

Surrounded by sarcolemma

Question 18

What do skeletal muscle contain?

Answer 18

Contain sarcoplasm and contractile myofibrils

Question 19

Classification of muscles
Attachments:
Origin

Answer 19

The origin is the attachment site that doesn’t move during contraction

Question 20

Classification of muscles
Attachments:
Insertion

Answer 20

Insertion is the attachment site that does move when the muscle contracts.

Question 21

what is the muscle belly?

Answer 21

It is the sum of all the muscle fibers in any given muscle

Question 22

What is the aponeurosis?

Answer 22

Aponeurosis, a flat sheet or ribbon of tendonlike material that anchors a muscle or connects it with the part that the muscle moves.

Question 23

What do tendons do?

Answer 23

Attach muscle to bone

Question 24

What do tendons allow muscle to be?

Answer 24

Allow muscle bulk to be situated away from its site of action

Question 25

What can tendons withstand?

Answer 25

Can withstand compression

Question 26

What do tendons reserve and resist?

Answer 26

Reserve energy and resist heat

Question 27

What are the ways that muscle can be described?

Answer 27

Muscles can be described by: - The orientation of the muscle fibres - Their action - Their shape - Their position in the body - The number of heads

Question 28

Muscle types: - Unipennate - Bipennate - Multipennate

Answer 28

- Unipennate is having the fibers arranged obliquely and inserting into a tendon only on one side - Bipennate is having the fibers arranged obliquely and inserting on both sides into a central tendon - Multipennate is where the diagonal muscle fibers are in multiple rows with the central tendon branching into two or more tendons

Question 29

What are flexors and extensors also known as? | Hint:the way they behave

Answer 29

Flexors are agonists | Extensors are antagonists

Question 30

LOOK AT SLIDES FOR CLASSIFICATIONS

Answer 30

LOOK AT SLIDES FOR CLASSIFICATIONS

Question 31

What are many limb muscles organised into?

Answer 31

Many limb muscles are organised into compartments

Question 32

What are muscle compartments surrounded by?

Answer 32

Muscle compartments are surrounded by a sleeve of deep fascia

Question 33

What does each muscle compartment usually have of its own?

Answer 33

Each compartment usually has its own nerve and blood supply

Question 34

What is venous return aided by in muscle compartments?

Answer 34

Venous return is aided by the pressure from the connective tissue sleeve when the muscles contract

Question 35

What do muscle in compartments usually work together to do?

Answer 35

Muscles in a compartment usually work together to produce movement

Question 36

What can trauma to the leg produce, why and what can this cause?

Answer 36

- Trauma to the leg can produce hemorrhage or inflammation - Because the fascia surrounding the compartment is strong, swelling causes an increase in pressure within the compartment - This can cause compression - Distal structures can become ischaemic