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ANNNAA > Anatomy MMS: Muscles > Flashcards

Anatomy MMS: Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What does the muscular system consist of?

A

Consists of muscles that contract to move parts of the body

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2
Q

What can muscles move?

A

Muscles can move the limbs and trunk and internal organs

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3
Q

What do muscles give shape to and provide?

A

Muscles give shape to the body and provide heat

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4
Q

What do associated connective tissue bind?

A

Associated connective tissue bind muscle fibres together and conveys vessels and nerves

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of muscles?

A
  • Skeletal muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle
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6
Q

What is the structure of cardiac muscle?

A

-Striated muscle

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7
Q

What do cardiac muscle form ?

A

Forms most of the walls of the chambers of the heart

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8
Q

What intrinsic ability do cardiac muscles have?

A

Has intrinsic ability to contract

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9
Q

What are cardiac muscles resistant to?

A

Resistant to fatigue

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10
Q

What is the structure of smooth muscle?

A
  • Unstriated

- Visceral

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11
Q

Where are smooth muscle found?

A

Found in the walls of vessels and hollow organs

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12
Q

What do smooth muscles undergo and to do what?

A

Undergo peristaltic contractions to move contents

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13
Q

What is the structure of skeletal muscle?

A

-Striated in appearance

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14
Q

What are skeletal muscles involved in?

A

Involved in locomotion and movement of joints

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15
Q

What do skeletal muscle consist of?

A

Consists of bundles of elongated cylindrical cells called muscle fibres

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16
Q

What are muscle fibres and what do they contain?

A

Muscle fibres are multinucleated and contain a number of myofibrils

17
Q

What are skeletal muscle surrounded by?

A

Surrounded by sarcolemma

18
Q

What do skeletal muscle contain?

A

Contain sarcoplasm and contractile myofibrils

19
Q

Classification of muscles
Attachments:
Origin

A

The origin is the attachment site that doesn’t move during contraction

20
Q

Classification of muscles
Attachments:
Insertion

A

Insertion is the attachment site that does move when the muscle contracts.

21
Q

what is the muscle belly?

A

It is the sum of all the muscle fibers in any given muscle

22
Q

What is the aponeurosis?

A

Aponeurosis, a flat sheet or ribbon of tendonlike material that anchors a muscle or connects it with the part that the muscle moves.

23
Q

What do tendons do?

A

Attach muscle to bone

24
Q

What do tendons allow muscle to be?

A

Allow muscle bulk to be situated away from its site of action

25
Q

What can tendons withstand?

A

Can withstand compression

26
Q

What do tendons reserve and resist?

A

Reserve energy and resist heat

27
Q

What are the ways that muscle can be described?

A

Muscles can be described by:

  • The orientation of the muscle fibres
  • Their action
  • Their shape
  • Their position in the body
  • The number of heads
28
Q

Muscle types:

  • Unipennate
  • Bipennate
  • Multipennate
A
  • Unipennate is having the fibers arranged obliquely and inserting into a tendon only on one side
  • Bipennate is having the fibers arranged obliquely and inserting on both sides into a central tendon
  • Multipennate is where the diagonal muscle fibers are in multiple rows with the central tendon branching into two or more tendons
29
Q

What are flexors and extensors also known as?

Hint:the way they behave

A

Flexors are agonists

Extensors are antagonists

30
Q

LOOK AT SLIDES FOR CLASSIFICATIONS

A

LOOK AT SLIDES FOR CLASSIFICATIONS

31
Q

What are many limb muscles organised into?

A

Many limb muscles are organised into compartments

32
Q

What are muscle compartments surrounded by?

A

Muscle compartments are surrounded by a sleeve of deep fascia

33
Q

What does each muscle compartment usually have of its own?

A

Each compartment usually has its own nerve and blood supply

34
Q

What is venous return aided by in muscle compartments?

A

Venous return is aided by the pressure from the connective tissue sleeve when the muscles contract

35
Q

What do muscle in compartments usually work together to do?

A

Muscles in a compartment usually work together to produce movement

36
Q

What can trauma to the leg produce, why and what can this cause?

A
  • Trauma to the leg can produce hemorrhage or inflammation
  • Because the fascia surrounding the compartment is strong, swelling causes an increase in pressure within the compartment
  • This can cause compression
  • Distal structures can become ischaemic

ANNNAA (4 decks)

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