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Med Con Final > Genitourinary Pathology > Flashcards

Genitourinary Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the male reproductive glands?

A

prostate; testes; epididymis; vas deferens; seminal vesicles; scrotum; enis

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the testes?

A

production of gametes and sex hormones

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3
Q

What is the purpose of epididymis?

A

conducts sperms from the efferent tubules to the vas deferens

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the scrotum?

A

protects the testes, epididymides, and spermatic cord

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the penis?

A

deliver of sperm to the female vagina and urination

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6
Q

What are the various pathologies of the male reproductive system?

A

prostatitis; benign prostatic hyperplasia; prostate cancer; orchitis; epididymitis; testicular torsion & cancer; impotence

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7
Q

What are the forms of prostatitis?

A

acute/chronic; bacterial/non-bacterial

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8
Q

What differentiates prostatitis from cancer?

A

presence of pain and presents in a younger population (primarily under 45)

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9
Q

How is prostatitis diagnosed?

A

urinalysis, specimen analysis

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10
Q

What is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

A

a non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland via hyperplasia and hypertrophy

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11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of BPH?

A

at night, start/stop; weak flow; not complete empty

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12
Q

What should we do if there is unexplained pain in the low back, pelvis, hip or upper thigh?

A

consider medical referral

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13
Q

What are common mestastases of prostate cancer?

A

brain, bone, lung, liver, lymph

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14
Q

What is the most common cancer in men?

A

prostate cancer

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15
Q

What is used for early detection of prostate cancer?

A

DRE and PSA serum

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16
Q

What does the enlarged prostate impinge upon?

A

pinches the tube that carries urine

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17
Q

Do Benign hyperplasia and cancer present with urinary obstruction?

A

yes, but later on for cancer

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18
Q

What population is BPH most common in?

A

50 or older black American tobacco user

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19
Q

What population is most at risk for prostate cancer?

A

50 or older black american/scandanavian who drink, has a high fat diet, and family history

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20
Q

What are orchitis and epdidymitis?

A

inflammatory conditions of testes and epididymis that are usually bacterial

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21
Q

Where will pain present with orchitis and epididymitis?

A

Orchitis: local or lower abdominal pain
Epididymitis: local or lower abdominal pain; groin or hip adductor muscles

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22
Q

What is testicular torsion?

A

abnormal twisting of spermatic cord as testes that requires surgery

23
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of testicular torsion?

A

abrupt pain; scrotal swelling; N&V; tachycardia; painless enlargement of testicle; lumbar pain

24
Q

Is testicular cancer more common in white or black men?

A

white men and most tumors are germ cell tumors

25
Q

If testicular cancer metastasizes to the lung what will S&S be?

A

cough, dyspnea, blood sputum

26
Q

What are the various female reproductive structures?

A

vagina; cervix; uterus; fallopian tubes; ovaries

27
Q

What is the cervix?

A

the neck of the uterus projecting into the vagina?

28
Q

What is the uterus?

A

a muscular organ that anchors and protects fertilized ovum

29
Q

What do the fallopian tubes do?

A

conduct ova from spaces around the ovaries and uterus

30
Q

What may cancer in the female reproductive system present with?

A

abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain, LBP, urinary disturbance; abnormal swelling; GI disturbances

31
Q

What are the S&S of endometriosis?

A

pain; inflammation; infertility; rectal bleeding; fatigue

32
Q

What are the S&S of ovarian cancer?

A

is a silent disease; bloating; discomfort; fatigue; flatulence; gastritis; LBP; family history

33
Q

How is endometriosis diagnosed?

A

laparoscopy/laparotomy; US; MRI

34
Q

How is ovarian cancer diagnosed?

A

US and Cervical smear

35
Q

What are treatment options of ovarian cancer?

A

surgery; chemo;

36
Q

What is a laparoscopy?

A

used to view the contents of the abdomen or pelvis

37
Q

What are the four types of ovarian cystic disease?

A

functional (follicular, luteal); endometiral; neoplastic; ovary syndrome

38
Q

What are the S&S of ovarian cystic disease?

A

abdominal pressure; pain; bloating; painful urination; bowel movements; chronic pelvic pain; groin; buttock

39
Q

What are the manifestatios of polycystic ovary syndrome? (PCOS)?

A

obesity; prominent hair; severe acne; thinning hair; infertility; dysmenorrhea; fibrocystic breasts

40
Q

How is ovarian cystic disease diagnosed?

A

pelvic exam; US; laparoscopy; labs

41
Q

What are S&S of uterine fibroids?

A

pain, increased bleeding, urinary frequency

42
Q

What are S&S of uterine cancer?

A

abnormal bleeding; possible LE swelling

43
Q

How is cervical cancer diagnosed?

A

pap smear, sentinel lymph node assessment, CT scan

44
Q

What are S&S of ectopic pregnancy?

A

lower abdominal quadrant/pelvic pain; kehr’s sign, irregular bleeding

45
Q

What are the effects of pregnancy?

A

relaxin, COG shift, Pressure on vascular structures; increased cardiac demand/output; increased need for folic acid

46
Q

What is primary dysmenorrhea?

A

excessive endometrial protaglandin production that presents with pelvic pain and onset of menses, backache, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, syncope

47
Q

What causes PMS?

A

selective serotonin re-uptake that allows serotonin to act for an extended time

48
Q

What is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

A

infection caused by microbes ascending through cervix to infect uterus

49
Q

What indicates infective agents of PID?

A

Increased WBC; erythrocyte; sedimentation rate

50
Q

What are the three types of tissue in the breasts?

A

fat, fibrous connective tissue, glandular tissue

51
Q

What are the disorders of the breast?

A

fibrocystic disease and fibroadenoma

52
Q

What are the S&S of fibrocystic disease?

A

cysts, fibrous tissue, pain and tenderness

53
Q

What are the S&S of breast cancer?

A

painless lump; dimpling/retraction of breast tissue; nipple discharge; rash or ulceration; palpable lymph nodes in axilla

54
Q

What is gynecomastia?

A

man boobs

Med Con Final (6 decks)

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