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Med Con Final > Endocrine Anatomy > Flashcards

Endocrine Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What type of system is the endocrine system?

A

global

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2
Q

Where does the endocrine system secrete?

A

directly into the blood system

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3
Q

Does the endocrine system create a local are global response?

A

systemic global

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4
Q

What are the messengers of the endocrine system?

A

hormones

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5
Q

What type of response to hormones produce?

A

specific as they must match to a receptor to cause an effect

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6
Q

What is the major function of hormones?

A

create homeostasis (balance the body)

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7
Q

What do hormones do to the metabolism of their target organ?

A

either increase or decrease it

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8
Q

Endocrine vs exocrine gland?

A

endocrine: no duct; rich blood supply
exocrine: has duct system (sweat glands)

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9
Q

What are the specifics of the endocrine system?

A

blood-borne hormones released away from the cells they will impact that are indiscriminate, slow acting and last for a long period of time

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10
Q

What is the master switch board of the endocrine system?

A

hypothalamus (sends messages to pituitary)

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11
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located and what does it do?

A

found at base of optic chiasm; controls water balance; sleep; temp; appetite; BP

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12
Q

What is considered to be the master gland?

A

the pituitary

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13
Q

Where is the pituitary found?

A

base of the brain

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14
Q

What are the two lobes of the pituitary?

A

Neurohypophysis (post): secretes ADH & oxytocin

Adenohypophysis (ant): TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, GH

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15
Q

What does TSH do?

A

stimulates thyroid for hormone production

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16
Q

What does ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) do?

A

produces steroids

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17
Q

What does FSH (follicle stimulating) do?

A

regulates various sexual characteristics

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18
Q

What does LH (lieutinizing hormone) do?

A

regulates various sexual characteristics

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19
Q

What does PRL (prolactin) do?

A

stimulates breast mile production

20
Q

What does GH (growth hormone) do?

A

stimulate protein synthesis, growth of cartilage and bone tissue

21
Q

What do ADH and Oxytocin do?

A

ADH: controls concentration of body fluids
Oxy: stims contraction of uterus for mile letdown reflex

22
Q

What else stimulates release of ADH?

A

stress, pain, trauma, morphine

23
Q

What type of loop does the endocrine work on?

A

negative feedback loop

24
Q

What does the pineal body do? location?

A

secretion/production of melly; sleep cycles; found below corpus callosum

25
Q

What hormones does the thyroid gland produce?

A

Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), Calcitonin

26
Q

What does thyroid hormone do? (T3/4)

A

body growth, metabolism, bone growth, maintain HR

27
Q

What does calcitonin do?

A

lowers blood calcium levels (calci-bone-in) back into the bone

28
Q

What does Parathyroid Hormone do? (PTH)

A

helps to regulate blood calcium levels…increases it by telling it to leave bone

29
Q

Define hyperparathyroid vs hypoparathyroid?

A

high vs low calcium blood levels

30
Q

What does the thymus produce and what do they do?

A

produces t-lymphocytes that fight infections and destroy abnormal cells

31
Q

What stimulates T-lymphocyte development?

A

Thymosin

32
Q

What is another name for inner/outer portion of adrenal glands?

A 
cortex = outer
medulla = inner
33
Q

What is considered a glucocorticoid and what does it do?

A

cortisol: makes glucose readily available for use when under stress

34
Q

What is considered a mineral corticoid and what does it do?

A

aldosterone: promotion of sodum reabsorption and potassium excretion (BP)

35
Q

What are the various gonadocorticoids?

A

estrogen, testosterone, progesterone

36
Q

What nervous system controls the adrenal medulla?

A

autonomic nervous system

37
Q

The medulla secretes epi and nor-epi to cause what?

A

increase in cardiac activity, BP, glycogen breakdown, and blood glucose

38
Q

IS the pancreas endocrine or exocrine in function?

A

both

39
Q

Pancreas endo/exo function?

A

endo: insulin production and glucose metabolism
exo: digestion

40
Q

What does the pancreas produce?

A

glucagon (release glucose) via Alpha cells and insulin (promotes transport via beta cells

41
Q

What two hormones produced by adipose tissue play a large role in maintainig body weight (metabolism)

A

leptin and adiponectin

42
Q

What is the female triad?

A

lack of nutrition; brittle bone; abnormal menstrual cycle

43
Q

What population is increased androgen common in?

A

high intensity performing females (swimming and gymnastic); causes body to want to build muscle mass

44
Q

What is adiponectin?

A

starving hormone; last resort to tell body it is starving

45
Q

Which thyroid hormone plays a major role in metabolic rate?

A

T3

Med Con Final (6 decks)

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