Endocrine Anatomy

Question 1

What type of system is the endocrine system?

Answer 1

global

Question 2

Where does the endocrine system secrete?

Answer 2

directly into the blood system

Question 3

Does the endocrine system create a local are global response?

Answer 3

systemic global

Question 4

What are the messengers of the endocrine system?

Answer 4

hormones

Question 5

What type of response to hormones produce?

Answer 5

specific as they must match to a receptor to cause an effect

Question 6

What is the major function of hormones?

Answer 6

create homeostasis (balance the body)

Question 7

What do hormones do to the metabolism of their target organ?

Answer 7

either increase or decrease it

Question 8

Endocrine vs exocrine gland?

Answer 8

endocrine: no duct; rich blood supply
exocrine: has duct system (sweat glands)

Question 9

What are the specifics of the endocrine system?

Answer 9

blood-borne hormones released away from the cells they will impact that are indiscriminate, slow acting and last for a long period of time

Question 10

What is the master switch board of the endocrine system?

Answer 10

hypothalamus (sends messages to pituitary)

Question 11

Where is the hypothalamus located and what does it do?

Answer 11

found at base of optic chiasm; controls water balance; sleep; temp; appetite; BP

Question 12

What is considered to be the master gland?

Answer 12

the pituitary

Question 13

Where is the pituitary found?

Answer 13

base of the brain

Question 14

What are the two lobes of the pituitary?

Answer 14

Neurohypophysis (post): secretes ADH & oxytocin

Adenohypophysis (ant): TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, GH

Question 15

What does TSH do?

Answer 15

stimulates thyroid for hormone production

Question 16

What does ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) do?

Answer 16

produces steroids

Question 17

What does FSH (follicle stimulating) do?

Answer 17

regulates various sexual characteristics

Question 18

What does LH (lieutinizing hormone) do?

Answer 18

regulates various sexual characteristics

Question 19

What does PRL (prolactin) do?

Answer 19

stimulates breast mile production

Question 20

What does GH (growth hormone) do?

Answer 20

stimulate protein synthesis, growth of cartilage and bone tissue

Question 21

What do ADH and Oxytocin do?

Answer 21

ADH: controls concentration of body fluids
Oxy: stims contraction of uterus for mile letdown reflex

Question 22

What else stimulates release of ADH?

Answer 22

stress, pain, trauma, morphine

Question 23

What type of loop does the endocrine work on?

Answer 23

negative feedback loop

Question 24

What does the pineal body do? location?

Answer 24

secretion/production of melly; sleep cycles; found below corpus callosum

Question 25

What hormones does the thyroid gland produce?

Answer 25

Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), Calcitonin

Question 26

What does thyroid hormone do? (T3/4)

Answer 26

body growth, metabolism, bone growth, maintain HR

Question 27

What does calcitonin do?

Answer 27

lowers blood calcium levels (calci-bone-in) back into the bone

Question 28

What does Parathyroid Hormone do? (PTH)

Answer 28

helps to regulate blood calcium levels...increases it by telling it to leave bone

Question 29

Define hyperparathyroid vs hypoparathyroid?

Answer 29

high vs low calcium blood levels

Question 30

What does the thymus produce and what do they do?

Answer 30

produces t-lymphocytes that fight infections and destroy abnormal cells

Question 31

What stimulates T-lymphocyte development?

Answer 31

Thymosin

Question 32

What is another name for inner/outer portion of adrenal glands?

Answer 32

``` cortex = outer medulla = inner ```

Question 33

What is considered a glucocorticoid and what does it do?

Answer 33

cortisol: makes glucose readily available for use when under stress

Question 34

What is considered a mineral corticoid and what does it do?

Answer 34

aldosterone: promotion of sodum reabsorption and potassium excretion (BP)

Question 35

What are the various gonadocorticoids?

Answer 35

estrogen, testosterone, progesterone

Question 36

What nervous system controls the adrenal medulla?

Answer 36

autonomic nervous system

Question 37

The medulla secretes epi and nor-epi to cause what?

Answer 37

increase in cardiac activity, BP, glycogen breakdown, and blood glucose

Question 38

IS the pancreas endocrine or exocrine in function?

Answer 38

both

Question 39

Pancreas endo/exo function?

Answer 39

endo: insulin production and glucose metabolism exo: digestion

Question 40

What does the pancreas produce?

Answer 40

glucagon (release glucose) via Alpha cells and insulin (promotes transport via beta cells

Question 41

What two hormones produced by adipose tissue play a large role in maintainig body weight (metabolism)

Answer 41

leptin and adiponectin

Question 42

What is the female triad?

Answer 42

lack of nutrition; brittle bone; abnormal menstrual cycle

Question 43

What population is increased androgen common in?

Answer 43

high intensity performing females (swimming and gymnastic); causes body to want to build muscle mass

Question 44

What is adiponectin?

Answer 44

starving hormone; last resort to tell body it is starving

Question 45

Which thyroid hormone plays a major role in metabolic rate?

Answer 45

T3