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Med Con Final > Endocrine Pathology > Flashcards

Endocrine Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the various Pituitary Syndromes?

A

gigantism; dwarfism; acromegaly; diabetes insipidus

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2
Q

What are the various thyroid syndromes?

A

hyper/hypothyroidism; thyroiditis; thyroid cancer

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3
Q

What are the various Parathyroid syndromes?

A

hyper/hypoparathyroidism

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4
Q

What are the various adrenal syndromes?

A

addison’s; cushing’s; conn’s

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5
Q

What are the various pancreatic syndromes?

A

diabetes mellitus Type I and II

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6
Q

What is gigantism?

A

overgrowth of long bones via GH excess during childhood

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7
Q

What causes dwarfism?

A

too little GH production

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8
Q

What causes acromegaly?

A

too much GH during adulthood

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9
Q

What are the treatment options for acromegaly?

A

radiation, surgical removal of pituitary; hormone replacement

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10
Q

What is a common complaint of a patient with acromegaly?

A

bone/backpain due to calcification of anterior longitudinal ligament

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11
Q

What is Diabetes Insipidus?

A

disorder of the post. pituitary causing an ADH deficiency

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12
Q

What are common S&S of Diabetes Insipidus?

A

polydipsia; polyuria/nocturia; dehydration

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13
Q

Neurogenic vs. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?

A

Neuro: defect synthesis or release of ADH
Nephro: kidneys don’t respond to ADH (excessive urination leading to excessive thirst)

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14
Q

Diabetes insipidus vs mellitus?

A

Insipidus: pituitary gland; dehydration; ADH deficiency
Mellitus: pancreas; insulin insufficient; increased appetite

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15
Q

What are the PT implications of Diabetes Insipidus?

A

increased BP; GI Irritability; contraction of smooth vascular muscle

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16
Q

What is hyperthyroidism?

A

imbalance caused by overproduction of thyroid hormone (graves); will present with protruding eyes (exopthalmos)

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17
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism?

A

heat intolerance; will look like a student during finals (up all night, too much coffee, restless, nervous, anxiety, palpitations)

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18
Q

What will hyperthyroidism do to vital signs?

A

it will increase them (bp, HR, RR)

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19
Q

What is the pathway of hyperthyroidism?

A

hypothalamus cascades down through pituitary gland to decrease TSH causing excess T3 and normal T4

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20
Q

What are treatment options for hyperthyroidism?

A

radiation; surgery; hormone replacement and beta blockers

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21
Q

What are the PT implications of hyperthyroidism?

A

slow and gradual exercise progression, calcific tendonitis; tremors; nervousness; palpitations

22
Q

What can hypothyroidism do to metabolism?

A

decrease it

23
Q

How can hypothyroidism be diagnosed?

A

blood test (increased TSH; decreased T4)

24
Q

What is deficient with hypothyroidism?

A

deficient T4 with normal T3

25
Q

What is goiter?

A

enlarged thyroid gland to compensate for insufficient hormone production

26
Q

How can we differentiate between hyper/hypothyroidism?

A

hyper: presents with increased metabolism; excess iodine
Hypo: decreased metabolism; iodine deficiency

27
Q

What is rhabdomyolosis?

A

breakdown of muscle tissue, releasing damaging proteins into blood leading to renal failure because kidneys can’t process proteins

28
Q

What should we do if there is suspicion of thyroid cancer?

A

refer to physician

29
Q

What are the various forms of hyperparathyroidism?

A

primary, secondary, tertiary

30
Q

What happens if our kidneys can’t keep up with blood calcium?

A

kidney stones and greater risk for osteoporosis

31
Q

What is osteogenic synovitis? asssociated pathology?

A

CA deposits in muscle fibers (achilles and triceps); hyperparathyroidism

32
Q

What is trosseaus?

A

swan neck of the arm

33
Q

What is chvostek sign?

A

irritability of facial nerve causing eye twitch and half smile and tingling around mouth/fingertips/feet

34
Q

What does hypoparathyroidism do to calcium?

A

causes it to stay in the bone decreasing amount in the blood

35
Q

What does primary adrenal insufficiency cause?

A

addison’s disease; decreased glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoid, and androgen

36
Q

How will adrenal insufficiency present?

A

craving for salty food because we aren’t saving any aldosterone; pigmentation from MSH increase

37
Q

What gland stimulates the adrenal gland?

A

pituitary

38
Q

What differentiates hyperthyroidism and addison’s?

A

different glands and pigmentation (addisons)

similarity: weight loss, sweating, fatigue

39
Q

What are the three main conditions of adrenocortical hyperfunction?

A

cushing: cortisol excess
conn: aldosterone excess
adrenal hyperplasia

40
Q

What is cushing syndrome

A 
glucocorticoid excess (cortisol)
causes overstimulation of adrenal gland due to excess ACTH
41
Q

What characteristics are associated with cushings?

A

long term corticosteroid use and moon/rounded face; dowers hump; weight gain; LE unproportional

42
Q

What can Conn’s syndrome lead to?

A

water in the blood (HBP, stroke, renal damage)

43
Q

What are normal glucose levels?

A

80-120

60-100 for children

44
Q

What are symptoms of hypoglycemia?

A

mental alertness; irritability; confusion

45
Q

What are the various metabolic disorders?

A

paget’s disease; PKU; wilson’s disease; metabolic syndrome; obesity; porphyria

46
Q

What is paget’s disease?

A

bone being put down is weak and misshapen; characterized by deep pain at night with possible CN8

47
Q

What can PT do for paget’s disease?

A

improve muscle strength; low to no impact weight bearing

48
Q

What is phenylketonuria (PKU)?

A

diagnosed in newborn infants; causes seizures; it a gene coding mutation

49
Q

What test is used to diagnose PKU?

A

guthrie test

50
Q

What are the characteristics of metabolic syndrome?

A

central obesity (40 males and 35 males); HBP; high triglycerides; low HDL; insulin resistance

51
Q

BMI for obesity?

A

greater than 30%

52
Q

What are surgical options for obesity?

A

gastroplasty; gastric bypass; vagal nerve block

Med Con Final (6 decks)

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