Genitourinary Flashcards
Give 3 causes of CKD?
Diabetes mellitus, Glomerulonephritis, Hypertension, vasculitis, SLE
Give 3 symptoms of CKD?
Peripheral oedema, fatigue, weakness
Give 3 complications of CKD?
Anaemia, bone disease, decreased brain function and cardiovascular disease
What lifestyle management would you offer a patient with CKD?
Encourage exercise, healthy weight, patient education, calcium supplements, monitor BP
Give 3 symptoms of nephritic syndrome?
Haematuria, blurred vision, oliguria (decreased urine output)
Give 3 causes of nephritic syndrome?
Post-strep GN, SLE, Vasculitis
Give 3 symptoms of nephrotic syndrome?
Oedema, frothy urine (proteinuria), fatigue, diarrhoea, vomiting
Give 3 causes of nephrotic syndrome?
Diabetes, minimal change disease, membranous GN
What is the indication for surgery in lower urinary tract symptoms?
Retention, UTI, Stones, Haematuria, Elevated creatinine
What are the storage symptoms for LUTS? (FUN)
Frequency, urgency, nocturia
What are the voiding symptoms for LUTS? (DDH SHIP)
Dysuria, Dribbling, Haematuria, Straining, Hesitancy, Incomplete emptying, poor stream
Give an example of a medication you would give to someone with BPH?
Alpha Antagonist- Tamulosin
What would be the clinical presentation in a patient with renal colic?
Unilateral loin pain that radiates to groin, nausea, vomiting , haematuria
What grading system is used for prostate cancer?
Gleason grading
What is the serum biomarker that may be positive in prostate cancer?
PSA (prostate specific antigen) However this is sensitive but not specific (PSA also raised in prostatitis, UTI)
Give 3 symptoms of bladder cancer?
Painless visible haematura, recurrent UTI
What are the risk factors for bladder cancer?
Paraplegic, smoking, rubber and dye industry, schistosomiasis, drugs
Give 3 risk factors for UTI?
Diabetes, pregnancy, impaired voiding, catheterisation
Give 3 causes of UTI?
E.coli (most common), klebsiella (catheterised), proteus
What would a urine dipstick show in a patient with a UTI?
Nitrates and leukocytes
Give 3 symptoms of pyelonephritis?
Loin pain, fever, pus in urine.
