Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OSCE > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

When would you hear a pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla?

A

Patient with mitral valve regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give 3 pathogen causes of infective endocarditis?

A

S. Aureus, S. epidermis, Strep Viridans (dental)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give 3 risk factors for infective endocarditis?

A

Aortic or mitral valve disease, IVDU, prosthetic valves, immunosuppression, dental caries, recent infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give 3 symptoms of infective endocarditis?

A

Fever, Malaise, Night sweats, Chest Pain, SOB, Osler nodes, Roth spots (blood vessels in eyes), janeway lesions (red fingers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What criteria is used to diagnose infective endocarditis?

A

Duke’s Criteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give 3 causes of atrial fibrillation?

A

Hyperthyroidism, Caffeine/Alcohol, Heart Failure, Hypertension, Mitral valve disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give 3 symptoms of atrial fibrillation?

A

Palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Suggest 2 medications to control heart rate in AF?

A

Beta Blocker (atenolol), Calcium Channel Blocker (Veramapil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Suggest 2 a method to control heart rhythm in AF?

A

Electrial cardioversion or medical cardioversion is amiodarone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Suggest 2 causes of heart block?

A

Cardiomyopathy, Coronary artery disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What murmur would you hear in a patient with mitral valve stenosis?

A

Mid-diastolic murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give 3 symptoms of aortic stenosis?

A

Syncope, Angina, Dyspnoea, Dizziness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give 3 signs on examination in a patient with aortic stenosis?

A

Slow rising pulse
Ejection systolic murmur
Murmur radiates to carotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 main causes of left sided heart failure?

A

Ischaemic heart disease, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertension, Aortic/Mitral Valve disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give 3 symptoms of left sided heart failure?

A

SOB on exertion, PND, fatigue, pink sputum, wheeze, weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give 3 symptoms of right sided heart failure?

A

Peripheral oedema, ascites, nausea, anorexia, GI upset

17
Q

What findings would you see on an X-Ray for a patient with heart failure?

A

Cardiomegaly, Pleural effusion, alveolar oedema, dilated upper lobe vessels and Kerley B lines (interstitial oedema)

18
Q

What specific marker would you look for in blood in a patient with heart failure?

A

BNP

19
Q

Give 2 management options for a patient with heart failure?

A

ACE-Inhibitor, Beta Blocker

20
Q

If a patient is intolerant to ACE-Inhibitor what medication would you offer?

A

Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (Losartan)

21
Q

If a patient is >55 and not afro-caribbean what would your first line anti-hypertensive medication be?

A

ACE inhibitor

22
Q

What is second line medication for hypertension?

A

ACE inhibitor and Calcium Channel blocker

23
Q

Give 3 symptoms of Angina?

A

Heavy tight chest pain, radiate to jaw, relieved by rest and GTN

24
Q

What is the difference between stable and unstable angina?

A

Unstable angina occurs at rest

25
Q

What is the difference between unstable angina and NSTEMI?

A

Unstable angina has no biochemical markers eg troponin

26
Q

What is the difference between NSTEMI and STEMI?

A

NSTEMI has no ST elevation

27
Q

Give 4 stages of initial management after a STEMI?

A

MONA (Morphine, Oxygen, Nitrates, Aspirin)

28
Q

What are the ECG changes of an MI?

A

ST elevation, T-wave inversion

29
Q

Give 3 non-modifiable risk factors for acute coronary syndrome?

A

Age, gender, family history

30
Q

Give 3 modifiable risk factors for acute coronary syndrome?

A

Smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, obesity

31
Q

Give 3 symptoms of an MI?

A

Chest pain lasting >20mins, nausea, sweating, dyspnoea, palpitations radiates to arms

32
Q

Give 3 causes of pericarditis?

A

Viral (adenovirus), Post MI (Dresslers), Bacterial (TB, pneumonia), autoimmune (SLE)

33
Q

Give 3 clinical features of pericarditis?

A

Sharp central chest pain, worse on inspiration, or lying flat and relieved by sitting forward, fever, recent infection, palpitation/tacycardia

34
Q

What are the 6 P’s of peripheral vascular disease?

A

Pain, pallor, perishing cold, pulseless, paralysis, parasthesia

35
Q

Give 2 clinical features of critical limb ischaemia?

A

Nocturnal pain, ulcers

OSCE (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions