Genitourinary

Question 1

Kidney

Answer 1

_pT1a: <= 4 cm
_pT1b: >4 cm but <= 7 cm
_pT2a: > 7 cm but <= 10 cm
_pT2b: > 10 cm
_pT3a: extends into the renal vein or the pelvicalyceal system, perirenal and / or renal sinus fat
_pT3b: extends into vena cava below the diaphragm
_pT3c: extends into the vena cava above the diaphragm or invades the wall of the vena cava
_pT4: Tumor invades beyond Gerota’s fascia (including contiguous extension into the ipsilateral adrenal gland)

Question 2

Penis

Answer 2

_pT1a: Tumor is without lymphovascular invasion or perineural invasion and is not high grade (i.e., grade 3 or sarcomatoid)
_pT1b: Tumor exhibits lymphovascular invasion and / or perineural invasion or is high grade (i.e., grade 3 or sarcomatoid)
_pT2: invades into corpus spongiosum (either glans or ventral shaft) with or without urethral invasion
_pT3: Tumor invades into corpora cavernosum (including tunica albuginea) with or without urethral invasion
_pT4: Tumor invades into adjacent structures (i.e., scrotum, prostate, pubic bone)

Question 3

Prostate

Answer 3

_pT2: Organ confined
_рТ3а: Extraprostatic extension or microscopic invasion of bladder neck
_pT3b: invades seminal vesicle(s)
_pT4: Tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles such as external sphincter, rectum, bladder, levator muscles, and / or pelvic wall

Question 4

Testis

Answer 4

_pT1a: < 3 cm
_pT1b: 3 cm or larger
_pT2: limited to testis with lymphovascular invasion, or epididymis or layer covering the external surface of tunica albuginea with or without lymphovascular invasion
_ pT3: directly invades spermatic cord
_ pT4: invades scrotum

Question 5

Ureter or renal pelvis

Answer 5

_pT1: invades subepithelial connective tissue
_pT2: invades the muscularis
_pT3:
For renal pelvis- invades beyond muscularis into peripelvic fat or into the renal parenchyma
For ureter- invades beyond muscularis into periureteric fat
_pT4: invades adjacent organs, or through the kidney into the perinephric fat

Question 6

Male penile urethra or female

Answer 6

_pT1: invades subepithelial connective tissue
_pT2: invades any of the following: corpus spongiosum, periurethral muscle
_pT3: invades any of the following: corpus cavernosum, anterior vagina
pT4: invades other adjacent organs (invasion of the bladder)

Question 7

Prostatic urethra

Answer 7

_pT1: invades urethral subepithelial connective tissue
_pT2: invades prostatic stroma surrounding ducts
_pT3: invades the periprostatic fat
_ pT4: Tumor invades other adjacent organs (e.g., extraprostatic invasion of the bladder wall, rectal wall)

Question 8

Bladder

Answer 8

_pT1: invades lamina propria
_pT2a: Tumor invades superficial muscularis propria (inner half)
_pT2b: Tumor invades deep muscularis propria (outer half)
_pT3a: Tumor invades perivesical soft tissue microscopically
_pT3b: Tumor invades perivesical soft tissue macroscopically
_pT4a: invades directly into prostatic stroma, uterus, or vagina
_pT4b: invades pelvic wall, abdominal wall