Genitourinary Flashcards
1
Q
Differential DIagnosis of haematuria
A
Favours urinary tract infection
- dysuria
- fever (prostatitis, pyelonephritis)
- suprapubic pain (cystitis)
- moderate flank or back pain (pyeloneprhitis)
Favours renal calculi: severe loin pain
Favours source not glomerular: clots in urine
Favours blood not in urine: menstruation
Favours IgA nephropathy: multiple episodes over months
Favours trauma
- recent indwelling urinary catheter or procedure
- recent back or abdominal injury
Favours bleeding disorder: use of anticoagulant drugs
2
Q
Risk factors for UTI
A
- female sex
- coitus
- pregnancy
- diabetes
- indwelling urinary catheter
- pervious UTI
- lower urinary tract symptoms of obstruction
3
Q
Causes of established urinary incontinence
A
- stress incontinence
- urge incontinence
- detrusor underactivity
- overflow incontinence
- vesico-urethral fistula
4
Q
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury
A
Onset over days
Prerenal
- fluid loss
- hypotension
- renovascular disease
- increased renal vascular resistance
