Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Genito Urinary Anatomy > Flashcards

Genito Urinary Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the ovary homologous to?

A

testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the round ligament homologous to?

A

gubernaculum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the labia majora homologous to?

A

scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the glans clitoris homologous to?

A

glans penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the crus of clitoris homologous to?

A

corpora cavernosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what 3 areas may kidney stones get stuck?

A

at the renal pelvis, the brim of the iliopsoas muscle, and the ureter/bladder (ureterovesicular) junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what can blockage pressure by kidney stones cause?

A

hydropnephrosis or hydroureter (causes waste accumulation in blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hydronephrosis

A

the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hydroureter

A

the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ureter composition

A

outer circular layer and inner longitudinal layer, lined by mucous membrane to prevent bacteria from making their way up to kidneys; also allows for easy passage of fluid/substances, induces peristaltic contractions all the time to “milk” the urine from kidneys → bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 3 bones of the pelvis?

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

false pelvis

A

superior to pelvic brim; hips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

true pelvis

A

surrounded by bone and lies inferior to flaring parts of the ilia; passage for infant at birth in women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pelvic brim (inlet)

A

separates superior & inferior portions of pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

typical gynecoid pelvic inlet

A

transverse and AP diameter both greater than 10cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

male lumbar spine

A

only a little lumbar lordosis (inward curvature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

female lumbar spine

A

lots of lumbar lordosis from L3-L5 (can create issues w/ sciatica)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how do pregnancy and bipedalism alter the lumbar spine?

A
  • in the non-pregnant state the center of mass (COM) is above the femoral head
  • the pregnant abdomen will unbalance the pelvis by moving the COM forward if there is no compensation
  • the pregnant abdomen does not alter the COM because of the increase in lumbar lordosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

normal uterine position

A

anteverted + anteflexed; angled forward w/ respect to vagina and flexed forward w/ respect to cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)

A

space between rectum and uterus out back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

vesicouterine pouch

A

space between the uterus and the urinary bladder out front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ovaries

A

female gonads producing egg cells and hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

uterine (fallopian) tubes

A

pair of tubes attached to the uterus that provides a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

fimbriae

A

finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes that swaff over top of ovarian surface during ovulation to capture egg + bring it down to oviduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

uterus

A

hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of the female, in which the embryo is nourished and develops before birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

cervix

A

neck of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

vagina

A

muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

labia minus (labia minora)

A

inside lips of vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

labia majora

A

the larger outer folds of the vulva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

suspensory ligament

A

collection of vessels + nerves supplying ovary (VAN) that runs through ovary not actual ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

utero-ovarian ligament

A

band of CT that goes from ovary to margin of uterus to keep it in place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

round ligament

A

band of CT coming from anterior surface of uterus which goes through abdominal muscles and connects to labia majora holding the uterus in place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

broad ligament

A

double layer of parietal peritoneum and covers everything supports uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

uterosacral ligament

A

from posterior aspect of uterus to sacrum out back; right around rectum to help fix uterus in place within abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

muscles of perineum (female)

A

help support the pelvic floor and form sphincters at openings of the urethra, vagina and anus; consist mainly of levator ani and deep transverse perineal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

levator ani

A

collection of pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, ischiococcygeus working together out front and out behind to ensure openings are closed (maintain continence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

deep transverse perineal muscle

A

supports pelvic organs; helps close off openings for all three holes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

histology of the vagina

A

stratified squamous epithelium, nonkeratinized

  • not very good at keeping pathogens out, need mucus, IgA antibodies, commensal bacteria lining vagina
  • normal flora: gram -ve bacteria (lactobacillus) — keep pH slightly low in vagina to keep harmful bacteria out (bacterial vaginosis can occur as a result of change in pH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Transition from vagina to cervix

A

stratified squamous epithelium (top, dead cells) and bottom layers of simple columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

pap smear

A

examination of cervical cells and mucus at the transition zone for early detection of cervical cancer
- HPV targets living cervical cells (increased risk of developing cervical cancer due to uncontrolled cell growth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

male bladder and surrounding structures

A

prostate (w/ prostatic urethra), internal urethral sphincter, bulbourethral glands, urethra, ischiocavernous muscle (corpus cavernosum inside), bulbospongiosus muscle (corpus spongiosum inside)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

purpose of male internal urethral sphincter

A

prevent ejaculate from going up into bladder; would also kill sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

at the base of the penile urethra, secrete alkaline substance that flushes/neutralizes any urine left in urethra (would kill sperm) and also produces slippery mucus to ensure sperm are not stuck to sides when they end up in urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

seminal vesicles

A

paired sac-like exocrine glands that secrete most fluid into the vas deferens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

testicles

A

produce sperm and testosterone

46
Q

epididymis

A

long, coiled duct on the outside of the testis in which sperm mature

47
Q

vas deferens (ductus deferens)

A

transports sperm from the epididymis

48
Q

prostate

A

right around prostatic urethra which is draining the urine out of bladder, site where sperm and semen mix together to make the ejaculate fluid - junction of urethra, vas deferens and seminal vesicles

49
Q

prostatic urethra

A

where the urethra passes through the prostate

50
Q

membranous urethra

A

underneath prostate, passes through urogenital diaphragm, thin and 90º turn

51
Q

penile urethra

A

goes through penis (spongy urethra)

52
Q

penis

A

male sex organ consisting of crus, corpora cavernosum and corpus spongiusom

53
Q

corpus spongiosum

A

the mass of spongy tissue surrounding the male urethra within the penis (never fills up w/ blood; penile urethra runs down middle of it)

54
Q

corpus cavernosum

A

pair of spongy tissue regions full of blood during erection

55
Q

glans penis

A

the conical mass of erectile tissue that forms the head of the penis

56
Q

root of penis

A

attaches the penis within the pelvic cavity

57
Q

scrotum

A

a pouch of skin containing the testicles; the testes had to go from abdominal cavity, out through inguinal canal; pulls Vas deferens w/ it across bony pelvis to make its way into scrotum

58
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

small duct that connects the vas deferens to the urethra; where seminal vesicle fluids making most of semen get added to sperm to get shunted down into prostatic urethra

59
Q

What does the cortex of the indifferent glands differentiate into?

A

ovary

60
Q

what does the stroma differentiate into?

A

testes

61
Q

If there is no Y chromosome then

A

female characteristics develop

62
Q

Where does the ovary develop?

A

outside of the capsular part and it will begin to descend and mesonephric kidney will go away

63
Q

What does the vas bridge run over?

A

Ureter (water under the bridge)

64
Q

What does the bud of mesonephric duct become?

A

becomes ureter in both M/F

65
Q

In males what does the mesonephric duct become?

A

vas deferens

66
Q

What does vas deferens do?

A

conducts sperm from the gonad to the urethra

67
Q

Is the kidneys having a long ureter good or bad?

A

bad

68
Q

Is it good that the kidneys are behind the ribs?

A

yes they are protected

69
Q

How did the kidney develop and when it descends what comes with it?

A

the kidney developed from a metanphric bud and ascends dragging the ureter with it

70
Q

The path of the urter

A

large area (renal pelvis) to ureter (small)

71
Q

What does the ureter go over?

A

common iliac and pop over the psoas muscle

72
Q

Best way to avoid kidney stones?

A

stay hydrated and make urine

73
Q

What muscle is in the ureter

A
  • smooth muscle
  • longitudinal muscles on inside
  • circular muscles on outside
74
Q

Where is the only place with inner longitudinal and out circular?

A

ureter

75
Q

What is the epithelium in the ureter lined with?

A

mucous which allows for protection from bacteria

76
Q

Mucosa

A

not keratinized epithelium making it not tough so it can tear easily

77
Q

What fuses together the bones of the pelvis?

A

cartilage which allows for movement when having babies?

78
Q

Where do all the pelvic bones come together?

A

acetabulum or hip socket in the middle

79
Q

What comes out of sciatic notch?

A

sciatic nerve

80
Q

sacroliliac joint

A

gliding joint which is important for moving hips

81
Q

Sacrococcygeal joint

A

problem in pregnancy b/c the baby must go past this joint and if it is fused it will crack

82
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

cartilage and doesnt move that much until end of pregnancy when the pelvis needs to be flexible

83
Q

Obturator foramen

A

where obturator muscle goes through

84
Q

what changes when joints move?

A

change the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet

85
Q

Pubic angle in females

A

greater than 90 degrees

86
Q

pubic angle in men

A

less than 90 degrees

87
Q

females have what kind of pelvis

A

gynecoid

88
Q

males have what kind of pelvis

A

android

89
Q

Female pelvis shape and Shallow vs deep

A
  • shallow

- large oval shape

90
Q

Male pelvis shape and Shallow vs deep

A
  • deep

- cup shaped

91
Q

Female coccyx is

A

angled less towards anterior

92
Q

Male coccyx is

A

angled more towards anterior

93
Q

Where is widest part of pelvis in females?

A

middle; babies

94
Q

Where is widest part of pelvis in males?

A

back

95
Q

Female pelvis thickness and and weight

A

light and thin

96
Q

Male pelvis thickness and and weight

A

heavy and thick

97
Q

Length of anterior-posterior diameter and transverse diameter

A

10cm

98
Q

What changes the shape of lumbar spine during pregnancy (hormone)

A

estrogen

99
Q

uterine fundus

A

is the top

100
Q

Where is most of the weight of the abdomen?

A

in front of pubis symphysis and is held by abdominal muscles

101
Q

When is there alot of pressure on the pelvic floor?

A

defecating and childbirth

102
Q

Mons pubis

A

layer of fat sitting infront of pubic symphysis

103
Q

Labia Majus

A

hair covered skin

104
Q

Labia minus

A

delicate and mucosal layer of tissue

105
Q

Is the uterus smaller then the bladder and where is it?

A

smaller than the bladder and leans in front of bladder

106
Q

Bulbospongiosus muscle

A

Surrounds the opening of vestibule

107
Q

Superficial transverse perineal muscle

A

attach perinal body to the side

108
Q

Deep transverse perineal muscle

A

will swirl around urethra to make external urethral sphincter; helps close off three holes

109
Q

Levator Ani

A

muscles work together and are controlled by the same striated muscle

110
Q

Peritoneal body

A

dense collogen that is the anchor point for all the muscles

Anatomy (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions