Contraception Flashcards
contraceptive
block conception of a fetus and keep sperm and egg from uniting
contragestational
work to keep the fertilized egg from implanting
abortifacients
cause termination in an established pregnancy
calendar methods of birth control
fertility awareness and rhythm method
fertility awareness
noticing ovulation signs such as slight body temp. drop/increase before and after ovulation. production of thin water clear cervical mucus, Mittelscherz, cervix position
rhythm method
abstaining from sexual intercourse around the time of ovulation
barrier contraceptives
products that provide a physical barrier to prevent conception e.g. condoms, diaphragm, cervical cap
spermicide
agent that kills sperm
what is the purpose of birth control?
to provide negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary and to produce an atrophic and hostile endometrium + thick mucus
combination pills
oral contraceptives containing both estrogen and progestin that inhibit GnRH release to suppress HPG-axis
- low FSH so low follicle development
- no LH surge so no ovulation
effectiveness of combination pills
most effective reversible form of birth control, but requires very high compliance
what are other forms of delivering the oral contraceptive?
transdermal patch, injectables, cervical ring, IUD
progestin-only contraception
formulated to avoid side effects of estrogen
- nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness, increased risk of DVT
progestin only pills (POPs)
taken PO everyday except for 7 days in a 28 day cycle
- missing a dose of the pill can lead to ovulation/possible pregnancy
- risk of contraceptive failure greater than combination OC; increased risk of ectopic pregnancy
progestin-only contraceptive injection
IM to buttock or deltoid q 3 months, only during first 5 days after onset of a normal menstrual period, within 5 days postpartum if not breastfeeding or 6 weeks postpartum if breastfeeding
risks of progestin-only contraception
abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), amenorrhea, decreased libido, slightly more ectopic pregnancies, mean time to pregnancy of 10 months after cessation
postcoital contraception
morning after-pills (MAPs), emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), plan B, SPRM
high dose progestin (plan B)
administered within 72 hours of coitus (2 pills; one right away and other within 12 hours) to seemingly inhibit natural progesterone and estrogen production
selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM)
ulipristal acetate can act as an agonist or antagonist at progesterone receptors to prevent ovulation/alter endometrial physiology (poorly understood)
vasectomy
bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens; scrotal incision, cutting of the tube and clamping, cauterization
- less invasive
tubal ligation
a surgical sterilization procedure in which the fallopian tubes are sealed or cut to prevent sperm from reaching a mature ovum
- incision through anterior abdominal wall muscles, isolating the oviduct, suturing + tying off tubes
- now usually laparascopic
coitus interruptus
pull out method
intra-uterine device (IUD)
presence of foreign object causes local tissue reaction and prevents implantation, IUD also increases contractions (abort)
- can be used as long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC)
mifepristone (RU-486)
anti-progesterone used as abortifacient; wakes up the myometrium to induce contractions
D&C
dilation and curettage (widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the uterus)
