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NPTE Other Systems > Genital/Reproductive System > Flashcards

Genital/Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

The ____ store female germ cells and produce female sex hormones ______ and _____.

A

Ovaries
Estrogen
Progesterone

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2
Q

Estrogens decrease the rate of ______.

A

Bone resorption

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3
Q

______ and ______ increase dramatically after menopause.

A

Osteoporosis

Risk of bone fracture

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4
Q

What is the average weight gain during pregnancy?

A

20-30lb

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5
Q

List 3 postural changes that take place during pregnancy.

A

Kyphosis with scapular protraction
Cervical lordosis and forward head
Lumbar lordosis

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6
Q

What activities should be avoided during the third trimester of pregnancy?

A

Supine position to avoid inferior vena cava compression

Bridging

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7
Q

List 3 balance changes that take place during pregnancy.

A
  1. COG shifts forwards and upwards as the fetus develops
  2. Wider BOS with advanced pregnancy
  3. Increased difficulty with walking and stair climbing
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8
Q

______ is experienced by 80% of women during pregnancy secondary to pelvic floor dysfunction.

A

Stress incontinence

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9
Q

List 3 urinary changes that take place during pregnancy.

A
  1. Pressure on bladder causes frequent urination
  2. Increased incidence of reflux
  3. Urinary tract infection
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10
Q

List 3 respiratory changes that take place during pregnancy.

A
  1. Elevation of the diaphragm with widening of the thoracic cage
  2. Hyperventilation
  3. Dyspnea may be experienced with mild exercise during late pregnancy
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11
Q

List 4 cardiovascular changes that take place during pregnancy.

A
  1. Increased blood volume
  2. Increased venous pressure in the LEs
  3. Increased heart rate and cardiac output
  4. Decreased blood pressure due to venous distensibility
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12
Q

What is diastasis recti abdominis? What is it associated with? (2)

A

Lateral separation or split of the rectus abdominis; separation from midline (linea alba) > 2cm is significant

Associated with loss of abdominal wall support and increased back pain

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13
Q

When can abdominal exercises be incorporated into a POC of a patient with diastasis recti abdominis?

A

Resume abdominal exercises when the separation is less than 2 cm

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14
Q

List 3 complications that can occur as a result of weakness or laxity of the pubococcygeal muscles?

A
  1. Cystocele: herniation of the bladder into the vagina
  2. Rectocele: herniation of the rectum into the vagina
  3. Uterine prolapse: the bulging of the uterus into the vagina
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15
Q

List 3 contraindications to pelvic floor exercises.

A
  1. Individuals with recent surgery
  2. Urinary catheter in place
  3. Excessive pelvic pain
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16
Q

What is preeclampsia?

A

Pregnancy-induced, acute hypertension after the 24th week of gestation

REQUIRES IMMEDIATE PHYSICIAN REFERRAL

17
Q

List 6 signs and symptoms of preeclampsia.

A
  1. Hypertension
  2. Edema
  3. Sudden excessive weight gain
  4. Headache
  5. Visual disturbances
  6. Hyperreflexia
18
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

Characterized by ectopic growth and function of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus

Ectopic tissue responds to hormonal influences but is not able to be shed as uterine tissue during menstruation

Can lead to cysts and rupture

19
Q

List 4 symptoms of endometriosis.

A
  1. Pain
  2. Dysmenorrhea
  3. Dyspareunia (abnormal pain during sexual intercourse)
  4. Infertility
20
Q

What is pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

Inflammation of the upper reproductive tract involving the uterus (endometritis), fallopian tubes (salpingitis), or ovaries (oophoritis)

21
Q

What is the cause of pelvic inflammatory disease? How is it treated?

A

Caused by polymicrobial agent that ascends through the endocervical canal

Treatment involves antibiotic therapy to treat the infection and prevent complications

22
Q

List 6 symptoms associated with pelvic inflammatory disease.

A
  1. Lower abdominal pain that starts after a menstrual cycle
  2. Purulent cervical discharge
  3. Painful cervix
  4. Fever
  5. Elevated WBC count
  6. Increased ESR
23
Q

List 5 complications that can occur secondary to pelvic inflammatory disease.

A
  1. Pelvic adhesions
  2. Infertility
  3. Ectopic pregnancy
  4. Chronic pain
  5. Abscesses
24
Q

The _____ produce male sex hormone _____.

A

Testes

Testosterone

25
Q

Sperm production requires an environment that is ____ lower than body temperature.

A

2-3 degrees C

26
Q

What hormone initiates spermatogenesis? What hormone initiates testosterone production?

A 
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) = spermatogenesis 
Luteinizing hormone (LH) = testosterone production
27
Q

What is erectile dysfunction (impotence)?

A

Inability to achieve and maintain erection for sexual intercourse

28
Q

What is prostatitis?

A

Infection and inflammation of the prostate gland

29
Q

List 3 types of prostatitis.

A

Acute bacterial
Chronic prostatitis
Nonbacterial

30
Q

Acute bacterial prostatitis involves _____ and is associated with _____ and _____.

A

Involves bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI)

Associated with catheterization and multiple sex parteners

31
Q

Chronic prostatitis is associated with ____.

A

Recurrent UTI

32
Q

List 4 signs and symptoms associated with chronic and acute prostatitis.

A
  1. Urinary frequency and urgency
  2. Myalgia and arthralgia
  3. Urethral discharge (acute)
  4. Fever and chills (acute)
33
Q

List 6 signs and symptoms of nonbacterial prostatitis.

A
  1. Pain in the penis, testicles, scrotum
  2. Painful ejaculation
  3. Low back pain
  4. Urinary symptoms
  5. Decreased libido
  6. Impotence

NPTE Other Systems (13 decks)

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