genetics vocab Flashcards
Trait
Different variations of traits written on genes
Gene
A small segment of DNA that codes for a certain trait/or a specific sequence of DNA that determines one or more trait(s)
Offspring
The result, or child, of reproduction of parents
Inherited
Traits that are passed from parents to their children
Fertilization
The union of the male sperm and female egg
Mutation
A random change in DNA which causes the offspring cell to be slightly different than the original parent cell
Asexual reproduction
Parent cell makes exact copy of itself and splits into two identical offspring
Sexual reproduction
Organisms inherit traits from two parent cells (sperm and egg)
Allele
There are two copies of the gene for each trait, each copy is called an allele
Dominant
The stronger alleleis said to be more dominant, it masks or hides the other allele
Recessive
The weaker allele that is masked is said to be recessive, it is masked or hidden by the other allele
Probability
The chance that something will happen—how likely it is that some event will happen
Ratio
It shows the relative sizes of two or more value. The relationship between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other
Genotype
The allele combination of the gene responsible for the physical trait
Phenotype
The physical appearance determined by the genotype
