Genetics Test

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

the genetic makeup or set of alleles on a chromosome (AA or Cc)

Question 2

Phenotype

Answer 2

The physical appearance of the genotype such as hair color (Bb=brown hair)

Question 3

All uppercase or lowercase letters as genotype

Answer 3

Homozygous (dominant for upper or recessive for lower)

Question 4

One upper and one lowercase letter as genotype

Answer 4

Heterozygous (the upper letter always takes dominance)

Question 5

If two homozygous dominant parents have children, what are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring? (#:#:# and %:%:%)? Include the genotype (Ex: Aa)

Answer 5

100% will be HH (homozygous dominant)

Question 6

If two homozygous recessive parents have children, what are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring? (#:#:# and %:%:%)? Include the genotype (Ex: Aa)

Answer 6

100% will be hh (homozygous recessive)

Question 7

If a homozygous dominant and a homozygous recessive have children, what are the ratios (include the genotype).

Answer 7

100% heterozygous

Question 8

If there are two dihybrid, heterozygous parents, what are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring? (#:#:# and %:%:%)? Include the genotype (Ex: Aa)

Answer 8

9:3:3:1

Question 9

If two monohybrid heterozygous parents have children, what are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios (#:#:# and %:%:%)? Include the genotype (Ex: Aa)

Answer 9

Genotypic-1:2:1 (25% HH:50% Hh:25% hh)

Phenotypic- 3 (dominant - Hh or HH) : 1 (recessive - hh)

Question 10

Complete Dominance

Answer 10

The presence of a dominant allele overshadows the other recessive allele - red OR white (RR or rr or Rr)

Question 11

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 11

Both alleles “blend” together to form a new genotype and phenotype - pink

Question 12

Co-dominance

Answer 12

both alleles play a role - red and white stripes or AB blood type

Question 13

Aa or AB (hybrid-heterozygous or purebred-homozygous?)

Answer 13

hybrid-heterozygous

Question 14

AA or bb (hybrid-heterozygous or purebred-homozygous)

Answer 14

purebred-homozygous

Question 15

What are sex-linked traits? (X-linked traits)

Answer 15

diseases that are more likely for males to have since they only need one of the trait to show up in the X chromosome to have it (as the Y chromosome is too short to ‘hide’ the trait) females need to have two of the trait to show up due to having two X chromosomes

Question 16

What is polygenic inheritance?

Answer 16

two or more genes that affect one trait (skin color, etc)

Question 17

What is the Law of Segregation?

Answer 17

The separation of alleles during gamete separation.

Question 18

Monohybrid

Answer 18

When there is one trait being differed on (brown or black hair)

Question 19

Dihybrid

Answer 19

When there are two traits being differed on (brown or black and curly or straight hair)

Question 20

Autosomal Trait (pedigree)

Answer 20

Trait that is located on an autosome (non-sex chromosome)

Question 21

XY

Answer 21

male

Question 22

XX

Answer 22

female

Question 23

Pedigree Chart: Square

Answer 23

Male

Question 24

Pedigree Chart: Circle

Answer 24

Female

Question 25

Pedigree Chart: Filled-in

Answer 25

Affected

Question 26

Pedigree Chart: Not filled-in

Answer 26

Not affected