Evolution Flashcards
Evidence of Evolution: Same structure, different function; e.g. wing of bat, flipper of whale, arm of human.
Homologous structures
Evidence of Evolution: Structures which once had a function, but no longer do; e.g. wisdom teeth
Vestigial Structures
Evidence of Evolution: Provide a visual record of how organisms change over time.
Fossils
Evidence of Evolution: Similarities in the early development of vertebrate embryos; e.g. early embryonic development of humans and monkeys
Embryology
Evidence of Evolution: Unrelated organisms, similar physical structures; e.g. wing of bat, wing of bird, wing of butterfly.
Analogous Structures
Evidence of Evolution: # of differences in amino acid sequence; e.g. sequence of human hemoglobin identical to chimpanzee while less closely related primates have greater differences.
Molecular biology
Change in allele frequency of a species over time
Evolution
Certain animals with certain traits live to reproduce and others don’t, those traits become more common
Natural Selection
Can a theory be modified? When?
A theory can be modified when there are new discoveries that aid in understanding.
When is a theory born?
When a substantial # of hypotheses point ot the same conclusion
What is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle used for?
to predict genotype frequencies in a population
Write down the Hardy-Weinberg Principle and what each part stands for:
p^2 + 2pq + q^2
p^2 = frequency of homozygous dominant genotype
2pq = frequency of heterozygous genotype
q^2 = frequency of homozygous recessive genotype
Where did homo sapiens originate?
The Horn of Africa
Describe the relation between solar intensity and skin color - why does this happen?
The more intense the sun’s rays the darker the skin; vice versa - bc of melanin forming a protective barrier to prevent UV rays from causing thymine dimers (T-T vs. T-A)
What can thymine dimers lead to?
Skin Cancer
