Genetics Quiz Flashcards
Microbe DNA
no introns, mostly exotic and expressed, regions not expressed are typically regulatory regions. no nucleus so transcription and translation can happen together
Spontaneous Mutations
during DNA replication or repair
Induced Mutations
mutagenic substances
Missense - Conserved
altered codon, similar AA
Missense - Nonconserved
altered codon, disimilar AA
Nonsense
chain termination
Synonymous
altered codon, same AA
Auxotrophs
mutations that inactivate biosynthetic pathways and eliminate the capacity of the mutant to make essential molecules
Prototrophic
acquire a new secondary mutation that allows them to make whatever they were missing from the first mutation
Replica Plating
Original culture is plated on both a normal medium and a minimal media. Colonies that do not grow on minimal are auxotrophic
Vertical Gene Transfer
parent to progeny cells, homologous recombination, transposable elements
Horizontal Gene Transfer
method of bacterial and archaea recombination, conjugation/transduction/transformation
Transformation
Release of Free DNA
Transduction
Release of Phage
Conjugation
Bridge
F-factor plasmid
genes that help facilitate the process of horizontal gene transfer, a plasmid
F-factor Plasmid Integration
plasmid can insert into the bacterial genome
Relaxosome
helps replicate the plasmid DNA, binds the ends, coupling factor, and secreted
Hfr
Cells have F factor integrated into their chromosome
Hfr x F-
no F+ cells of Hfr cells, new recombinants
Fâ Cells
F factor de-integrates from the Hfr host chromosome
Frederick Griffith
Mouse Experiment with transformation of smooth and rough bacteria
Lytic
host cell lyses
Lysogenic
dormant, induction, recombination
