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Biology 1010 > Genetics Practice Exam > Flashcards

Genetics Practice Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Short wings in fruit flys is
a) Genotype
b) Phenotype
c) Affected by its environment
d) Determined by the genotype
e) All except A

A

e) All except A (Phenotype, affected by its environment and determined by the genotype)

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2
Q

In nucleosome what is DNA wrapped around?

A

Histones

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3
Q

Which statement is true about hierarchical arrangement of DNA?
a) chromatin loops smaller than 30nm chromatin fibre
b) the 30nm chromatin fibre is thicker than nucleosome
c) nucleosomes are smaller than DNA molecule

A

b) the 30nm chromatin fibre is thicker than nucleosome

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4
Q

During mitosis, metaphase has _______ amount of genetic material than at G1.

A

Double the

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5
Q

Sister chromatids begin to move apart in animal cells during ______

A

anaphase

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6
Q

An allele is ____________

A

A variant of a gene

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7
Q

Mendel law of hereditary states that

A

Independent assortment of genes and segregation of alleles

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8
Q

Testcross - Pods of pea plant, green trait (Y) is dominant over yellow (y). If 45 out of 92 F1 pods were yellow, what was the green parents genotype?

A

YY

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9
Q

Testcross - Trait for a flower position on top of plant (t) is recessive to axial flower position (T). If half of the F1 plants produced flowers at the top, what was the axial parents genotype?

A

TT

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10
Q

A 9:3:31 phenotypic ratio is a characteristic of the ___________. (Hint : Generation & hybrid)

A

F2 generation of a monohybrid cross

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11
Q

How many alleles does the blood human typing gene have?

A

three (IA, IB, and i)

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12
Q

What kind of meiotic non-disjunction can lead to an XXY son?
a) at meiosis I in formation of eggs
b) at meiosis I in formation of sperm
c) at meiosis II in formation of eggs
d) at meiosis II of the Y chromosome in formation of sperm
e) all except d

A

e) all except d

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13
Q

According to Chargaffs rules for DNA base composition, if DNA sample contained 10% guanine, the sample should have how much thymine?

A

40%

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14
Q

Using this strand answer following:
3’ TACCGGACGTTTGCGATT 5’

  1. What kind of mutation results if the second G changes to an A?
  2. What kind of mutation results if the third G changes to a T?
  3. What kind of mutation results if the second A changes to a C?

ANS is one of following mutations:
Missense
Nonsense
Frameshift
Silent

A
  1. Silent
  2. Nonsense
  3. Missense
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15
Q

When tryptophan is present in E.coli, what happens to the repressor protein for the trp orperon?

A

Changes shape and binds to repressor

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16
Q

What happens when lactose is present in E.coli?

A

The repressor protein changes shape and doesn’t bind to the operator of the lac operon, allowing transcription of structural genes.

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17
Q

_________ cut at specific sites in the double stranded DNA molecule

A

Restriction enzymes

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18
Q

Remember:
Independent orientation of chromosomes in meiosis…

A

..Means that each homologous paid sorts it’s maternal and paternal homologues into gametes independently of every other pair.

..shuffles the alleles of genes on different chromosomes

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19
Q

Remember:
Crossing over of chromosomes in meiosis…

A

…involves two chromatids, one from each chromosome in a homologous pair

… shuffles the alleles of genes on the same chromosome

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20
Q

According to Meselson Stahl Experiment, DNA replication is..

A

Semi-conservative

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21
Q

Which is true about DNA replication?
a) primase unwinds the double helix
b) DNA polymerase extends the DNA from an RNA primer strand
c) The Okazaki fragments are formed in 3’ to 5’ direction, using lagging strand as template.
d) B and C

A

d) B and C

(DNA polymerase extends the DNA from an RNA primer strand, The Okazaki fragments are formed in 3’ to 5’ direction, using lagging strand as template)

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22
Q

T/F on topic of central dogma, the amino acid sequence is formed from the mRNA code during translation.

A

True

23
Q

Which RNA (tRNA, mRNA or rRNA has a section of its nucleotide sequence called anticodon?

A

tRNA

24
Q

T/F does a repressor consist of a sequence of nucleotide bases?

A

False it does not

25
Q

T/F in repressible operons, the end- product of the metabolic pathway is the co-repressor.

A

True

26
Q

Nucleotides are:
a) made of ribose, phosphate and a base
b) made of a ribose, a sulfate and a base
c) the building blocks of DNA
d) A and C
e) B and C

A

D) A and C

made of phosphate!!

27
Q

Which is true of RNA?
a) it’s double stranded
b) it has one less oxygen in its ribose
c) uracil is one of its nitrogenous bases
d) A and C

A

c) uracil is one of its nitrogenous bases

28
Q

T/F In the Hershey Chase Experiment Radioactive phosphate from the bacteriophage was found in the centrifuged pellet, where the bacteria was.

A

True

29
Q

What’s DNA molecule made up of?

A

Sugar phosphate backbone, nitrogenous bases, double helix, one less oxygen, nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds

30
Q

What’s an allele?

A

Alter. version of a gene

31
Q

What’s a locus?

A

Gene location of chromosome

32
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Produces an exact copy of cells DNA

33
Q

Why does meiosis happen?

A

New alleles and combinations

34
Q

What is Meiosis I? Meiosis 2?

A
  1. Divide # of chromosomes in half, but still want a copy of all the genes of each chromosome.
  2. Variation allowing new allele gametes randomly receive one chromosome of each homologous pair…crossing over results in shuffle of genes within homologous chromosomes after fertilization.
35
Q

Deviations from Mendels laws

A

traits on same chromosome, traits on sex chromosome, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, codominance, lethal alleles

36
Q

Segregation of alleles

A

2 alleles for a character segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes

37
Q

Independent assortment of genes

A

during gamete formation, pair of alleles for one gene will segregate independently of a pair of alleles for another gene

38
Q

Chromosome genetic disorders

A

Error in cell division causing cells with too many or too little copies of chromosome

39
Q

Monosomy vs Trisomy

A

Lack of single chromosome vs carry additional copy ~ chromosome genetic disorder

40
Q

What’s nondisjuction during meiosis

A

Fail to separate both sister chromatids/homologous chromosomes stay together rather than being pulled apart

41
Q

Single gene genetic disorder

A

Caused by mutant gene, may be present on only one chromosome (dom) or both (recess) to exhibit genes

42
Q

Purines and Pyradmidines

A

Purines & Guanine

Cyto, thymine and uracil

43
Q

Melson & Stahl - semi conservative DNA replication

A

each strand serves as a template for synthesis of new complementary strand

44
Q

Helicase

A

Unwind DNA

45
Q

Primase

A

Synthesizes RNA primer at 5’ end of leading fragment and at each of end okazaki fragment of lagging strand

46
Q

Ligase

A

Joins fragments of lagging strand on leading strand, joins 3’ end of DNA that replaced primer to rest of leading strand DNA

47
Q

Central Dogma of biology (rough generalization)

A

Go from double stranded strand of DNA and the message is transcribed into messenger RNA and then it’s translated into polypeptide

48
Q

mRNA

A

Nucleotides can be converted by translation into peptide/protein

49
Q

tRNA

A

has anticodon, transports specific amino acids to ribosome

50
Q

Trypt. Operon

A

Repressor system, tryptophan is corepressor binding and preventing polymerase from turning operon on… decline in graph

51
Q

DNA Gel Electrophoresis

A

DNA negatively charged, moves towards positive end

52
Q

PCR

A

Denature, anneal, extension

53
Q

CRISPR

A

Clustered regularly interspaced small palindromic repeats

Biology 1010 (6 decks)

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