Genetics Part 1

Question 1

The part of the cell that contains the genetic information is the….

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

The substance carrying the organisms genetic information

Answer 2

Deoxyribo-nucleic acid

Question 3

Threadlike structures of DNA and protein found in the the nucleus of cells. Carries the genetic information in the form of genes

Answer 3

Chromosome

Question 4

Having the same structural features (length) and pattern of genes

Answer 4

Homologous chromosomes

Question 5

A photo of an individuals chromosomes cut out and arranged according to their size.

Answer 5

Karyotype

Question 6

A short length of DNA that carries the genetic code for a particular trait/characterisitic or cell activity.

Answer 6

Gene

Question 7

Different forms of the same gene - they can be dominant or recessive

Answer 7

Allele

Question 8

Parts of DNA involved in pairing - cytosine, guanine, adenine and thymine

Answer 8

Base

Question 9

Forms the basic strucutural unit of DNA composed of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group and a base

Answer 9

Nucleotide

Question 10

Carries instructions to the next generation and determines phenotype

Answer 10

DNA

Question 11

A genetically determin characteristic

Answer 11

Trait

Question 12

The differences between organisms within a population - can be continuos or discontinuous

Answer 12

Variation

Question 13

Cell division body cells for growth and repair - produces 2 new cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

Answer 13

Mitosis

Question 14

Cell divination that takes place in the testes and ovaries producing 4 new cells (gametes). These are genetically different from each other and the parent cell.

Answer 14

Meiosis

Question 15

Reproductive cells that contain half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell.

Answer 15

Gamete

Question 16

A fertilised ovum/egg that contains a full set of chromosomes

Answer 16

Zygote

Question 17

Reproduction involving only one parent (usually female) - offspring are identical to the parent and each other.

Answer 17

Asexual reproduction

Question 18

Reproduction that involves two parents - offspring are different from the parents and each other

Answer 18

Sexual reporduction

Question 19

Oganismums that are produced asexually and are identical to both its parent and siblings

Answer 19

Clone

Question 20

The particular alleles of an organisim

Answer 20

Triat

Question 21

A permanent change to the base sequence of DNA

Answer 21

Mutation

Question 22

The observable characteristics of an individual resulting from it genotype.

Answer 22

Phenotype

Question 23

When individuals which are homozygous are bred their offspring will always produce the same offspring. This is called what?

Answer 23

Pure breeding

Question 24

The name given to alleles for a trait when they are the same in an individual.

Answer 24

Homozygous

Question 25

The name given to alleles for a particular trait when they are the different in an individual.

Answer 25

Heterozygous

Question 26

To work out the genotype of an individual they are bred with a homozygous recessive individual. What is this called?

Answer 26

Test cross

Question 27

If an allele is expressed even if only one is present is described as what?

Answer 27

Dominant

Question 28

If an allele is expressed only when both alleles are the same is described as what?

Answer 28

Recessive

Question 29

Alleles written in upper case, e.g. A, are what type of allele?

Answer 29

Dominant

Question 30

Alleles written in lower case, e.g. a, are what type of allele?

Answer 30

Recessive

Question 31

A diagram or family tree that shows the phenotypes of related individuals is what?

Answer 31

Pedigree chart

Question 32

Having a single set of chromosomes(n) is what?

Answer 32

Haploid

Question 33

When there is a full set of chromosomes (2n); having a pair of each type of chromosome is...

Answer 33

Diploid

Question 34

If an individual carries a gene for a particular recessive trait and that trait is not expressed but can pass it to offspring. That individual is a what?

Answer 34

Carrier

Question 35

The basic building blocks of all proteins are ...

Answer 35

Amino acids

Question 36

When two strands of nucleotides wind around each other what is the share of the structure produced?

Answer 36

Double helix

Question 37

What shape is the structure of DNA

Answer 37

Double helix

Question 38

The name given to the process of male and female gametes joining together

Answer 38

Fertilisation

Question 39

The product of reproduction - a new organism produced by one or more parents is what?

Answer 39

Offspring

Question 40

Made up of amino acids in different combinations to produce many different types which are used in all many roles in living systems.

Answer 40

Proteins

Question 41

The name given to to a chart that shows the possible combinations of alleles that result from a genetic cross.

Answer 41

Punnett square

Question 42

What type of replication takes place when a new DNA helix has one strand from the original and one new strand?

Answer 42

Semi-conservation replication

Question 43

What do chromosomes X and Y determin the sex of an individual? What are they called?

Answer 43

Sex chromosomes

Question 44

When genetic information is exchanged between homozygous chromosomes is it called what?

Answer 44

Crossing over

Question 45

The process responsible for forming new alleles is called what?

Answer 45

Mutation

Question 46

BB x bb breed. What is the general name given to their offspring?

Answer 46

F₁ generation

Question 47

BB x bb breed then these offspring breed. What is the general name given to the next generation of offspring?

Answer 47

F₂ generation

Question 48

These genetic differences are important for a population and species in a changing environment. How do we describe these differences?

Answer 48

Variation

Question 49

Pest infestation, disease, drought and flood are all examples of what?

Answer 49

Environmental change

Question 50

When the homologous pairs of chromosomes line up at the equator - maternal or paternal - independent of other homologous pair it is called what?

Answer 50

Independant assortment