Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Genetics (paper1) > Flashcards

Genetics (paper1) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does DNA contain

A

Instructions for making the cell, producing proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a gene

A

A piece or length of DNA giving instructions for a protein e.g. To make insulin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the structure of DNA

A

Made of 2 strands

Sides are made of a sugar-deoxyribose and phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 genes in DNA

A

Guanine, cytosine, adenine and thymine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are they held together by

A

Complementary base pairs are held together by a weak hydrogen bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was the structure of DNA known

A

1953

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name some key players in DNA discovery

A

Rosalind Franklin and James Watson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do genes code for

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are proteins made up of

A

Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does protein synthesis happen

A

In the ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain step one of protein synthesis

A

The coding strand is copied
This is known as transcription
DNA acts as a template to make mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is different with RNA to DNA

A

It has 1 strand and contains Uracil instead of thymine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Explain step 2 of protein synthesis

A

mRNA leaves the nucleus via the pores and travels to the ribosomes
mRNA code is read- this is known as translation
This gives the order of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many amino acids are there

A

21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens in translation

A

tRNA carries the amino acids to the ribosomes

The ribosome links together the amino acids to make a polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do multiple amino acids make

A

Polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a mutation

A

A change in DNA base sequence such as addition, deletion or substitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What can a mutation change

A

The mRNA sequence and the amino acid used or the order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What can a mutation cause

A

A change in shape of the protein

22
Q

What type of cell are gametes

A

Haploid

23
Q

What is a diploid cell in fertilisation also known as

A

Zygote

24
Q

Name some differences between mitosis and meiosis

A

One division. Two divisions

2 daughter cells. 4 daughter cells

25
Q

What’s an allele

A

A different version/from of the same gene

26
Q

What’s a genotype

A

The alleles in an organism

27
Q

What’s a phenotype

A

What the organism looks like

28
Q

What does homozygous mean

A

Both alleles are the same

29
Q

What does heterozygous mean

A

Different alleles

30
Q

Name some genetic diseases

A

Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease

31
Q

What can alleles be

A

Equally dominant aka codominant

32
Q

What’s an example of co-dominant alleles

A

Blood groups

33
Q

Name some sex linked diseases

A

Haemophilia or colour blindness

34
Q

What is controlled by multiple genes

A

Characteristics

35
Q

Name a characteristics

A

Eye colour

36
Q

What’s gene mutation

A

A change to the gene

37
Q

What can cause gene mutation

A

Radiation

38
Q

What’s a genome

A

The haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete

39
Q

How can variation be caused

A

Hereditary genes or environment

40
Q

What’s the definition of gene variation

A

Caused by alleles inherited during sexual reproduction

41
Q

What’s also known as acquired characteristics

A

Environmental variation

42
Q

What is an example of continuous data

A

Height

43
Q

What’s an example of discrete data

A

Blood group

44
Q

Define evolution

A

The process by which different kinds of living organisms are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth

45
Q

List our closest evolutional ancestors

A

Homo erectus

Homo habilis

46
Q

What is homo erectus’ skull volume

A

850cm cubed

47
Q

When did homo erectus live

A

0.5 to 1.8 million years ago

48
Q

Who is our furthest known ancestor

A

Ardi ( ardipithicus ramidus)

49
Q

How can tools help us understand human evolution

A

Because each layer of rock can tell a date

50
Q

Which out of A and B are more dominant

A

They are co dominant

51
Q

What does blood group O mean

A

Nothing is there

52
Q

Which chromosome is bigger

A

The X

Biology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions