Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Genetics Notes/Study guide > Flashcards

Genetics Notes/Study guide Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The passing of characteristics from parents to offspring

A

Heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Physical characteristics that are studied in Genetics

A

Trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

different forms of a gene, represented by letters (ex. T or t)

A

Allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The offspring of many generations that have the same trait. (TT or tt)

A

Purebred or Homozygous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Organism that has two different alleles for a trait. (Tt)

A

Hybrid or Heterozygous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

“Stronger” trait represented by capital letters in genetics

A

Dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

“Weaker” trait represented by lowercase letters in genetics

A

Recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

factors that control a trait

A

Gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

***Gregor Mendel is known as the Father of Genetics for his work with pea plants.

A

how well did you know please rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur

A

Probability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.

A

Punnett Square

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

*Make sure you know how to set up and complete a punnett square

A

do you know how to do this please rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

an organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits. (ex. dimples, freckles)

A

Phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

an organism’s genetic makeup, or allele combinations (ex. TT, Tt, tt)

A

Genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the alleles are neither dominant nor recessive, both alleles are expressed in the offspring

A

Codominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

genes are carried from parents to their offspring on chromosomes.

A

Chromosome theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to from sex cells (sperm and eggs)

A

Meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

** Human body cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes for a total of 46

A

did you know this please rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

**Human sex cells have 23 chromosomes each

A

did you know this please rate

20
Q

DNA is made up of 4 nitrogen bases that make up the rungs of the DNA “ladder”

A

did you know this please rate

21
Q

A pairs with

A

T

22
Q

T pairs with

A

A

23
Q

G pairs with

A

C

24
Q

C pairs with

A

G

25
Q
  • The order of the nitrogen bases along a gene forms a genetic code that specifies what type of protein will be produced.
A

did you know this please rate

26
Q

The production of proteins. The cell uses information from a gene on a chromosome to produce specific proteins

A

Protein Synthesis

27
Q

Ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins; RNA has the same nitrogen bases as DNA except Uracil (U) replaces Thymine (T) and RNA is single stranded

A

RNA (ribonucleic acid) (ribo-nucleic- acid)

28
Q

RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm.

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA

29
Q

any change in a gene or chromosome

bad or good
(help full or not)

A

Mutation

30
Q

three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait (ex. Blood type)

A

Multiple Alleles

31
Q

carry genes that determine whether a person is male or female

A

sex chromosome

32
Q

xx

A

female

33
Q

xy

A

male

34
Q

a trait that is carried on the X or Y chromosome (ex. Color blindness, hemophilia)

A

sex linked traits

35
Q

a person who has one recessive allele for a trait and one dominant allele

A

carrier

36
Q

an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes (ex. cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia)

A

genetic disorder

37
Q

is a disorder in which the body produces abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and intestines.

A

cystic fibrosis

38
Q

is a disorder that can cause people’s red blood cells to have an unusual sickle or half moon shape

A

sickle cell anemia

39
Q

a chart or “family tree” that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait

A

pedigrees

40
Q

a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell.

A

karotype

41
Q

an organism that has exactly the same genes as the organism from which it was produced.

A

clone

42
Q

The process of inserting copies of a gene directly into a person’s cells. May be used someday to correct some human genetic disorders.

A

gene therapy

43
Q

all the DNA in one cell of an organism.

A

genome

44
Q

represented by a circle

A

female

45
Q

represented by a square

A

male

46
Q

A completely shaded square or circle indicates

A

person has the trait

47
Q

A half-shaded square or circle indicates

A

person is a carrier (they are a hybrid)

Science (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions