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Science > Chapter 9 - energy and energy resources > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - energy and energy resources Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the ability to do work

A

energy

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2
Q

work like energy is expressed in …

A

Joules

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3
Q

the energy of an object that is due to the objects motion

A

kinetic energy

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4
Q

kinetic energy

A

mv2/2 or mass x velocity2/2

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5
Q

the energy that an object has because of the position, shape, or condition of the object. (remember, an object accelerates as it falls due to gravity, so the higher an object is lifted above the ground the greater the potential energy.)

A

Potential energy

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6
Q

when you lift an object, you do work on it . You transfer energy to the object

A

gravitational potential energy

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7
Q

gravitational potential energy

A

weight x height

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8
Q

the amount of work an object can do because of the object’s kinetic and potential energies

A

mechanical energy

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9
Q

mechanical energy

A

potential energy + kinetic energy

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10
Q

the kinetic energy due to random motion of the particles that make up an object

A

Thermal energy

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11
Q

….is a measure of thermal energy

A

Temperature

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12
Q

energy of a compound as atoms are rearranged

A

chemical energy

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13
Q

the energy of moving electrons

A

electrical energy

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14
Q

the energy caused by an object’s vibration

A

sound energy

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15
Q

energy produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particles

A

light energy

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16
Q

energy that comes from changes in the nucleus of an atom

A

Nuclear energy

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17
Q

when nuclei join together

A

fusion

18
Q

when a nucleus splits

A

fission

19
Q

a change from one form of energy to another

A

energy conversion

20
Q

storing potential energy in a material that stretches and can return to its original shape

A

elastic potential energy

21
Q

examples of elastic potential energy are

A

bow and arrow, crossbow, toy airplane, and pulling a rubber band

22
Q

plants use light energy to make new substances that have chemical energy

A

Photosynthesis

23
Q

a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching

A

friction

24
Q

not all ____ is converted into ____; much is lost due to friction

A

potential energy, kinetic energy

25
Q

a group of objects that transfer energy only to each other

A

Closed system

26
Q

states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another

A

Law of conservation of energy

27
Q

Any time one form of energy is converted into another form,

A

some of the original energy always gets converted into thermal energy

28
Q

a resource that forms at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which it is consumed (fossil fuels, nuclear energy)

A

Non-renewable resources

29
Q

a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of organisms that lived long ago

A

Fossil Fuels

30
Q

coal, natural gas and petroleum(used to make gasoline, kerosene, wax, and plastics) are an example of what?

A

Fossil fuels

31
Q

like a fossil fuel plants, a nuclear power plant generates thermal energy that boils water to make steam

A

Nuclear energy

32
Q

____ is generated from radioactive elements, such as uranium

A

Nuclear energy

33
Q

nuclear fission is used

A

Nuclear energy

34
Q

a natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed

A

Renewable resources

35
Q

sunlight is changed into electrical energy through solar cells

A

Solar energy

36
Q

falling water from a dam turns a turbine which is connected to an electric generator

A

Hydroelectric energy

37
Q

the kinetic energy of the wind turns the blades of a windmill which turns an electric generator

A

Wind energy

38
Q

thermal energy caused by the heating of Earth’s crust, the steam is used to turn turbines which turns an electric generator

A

Geothermal energy

39
Q

organic matter such as plants, wood and waste that can be burned to release thermal energy

A

Biomass
(page 262.)

40
Q

_______ of food is converted into _______ when you are active.

A

Chemical energy, kinetic energy

Science (12 decks)

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