Genetics Notecards

Question 0

Heredity

Answer 0

The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

Question 1

Trait

Answer 1

A characteristic that an organism can pass on to offspring through genes.

Question 2

Genetics

Answer 2

The scientific study of heredity.

Question 3

Purebred

Answer 3

An organism the always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as a parent.

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.

Question 5

Allele

Answer 5

A different form of a gene.

Question 6

Dominant Allele

Answer 6

An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.

Question 7

Recessive Allele

Answer 7

An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present.

Question 8

Hybrid

Answer 8

A organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a trait.

Question 9

Probability

Answer 9

The likelihood that a particular event will occur.

Question 10

Punnett Square

Answer 10

A chart that shows all of the possible combinations of alleles thw can result from a genetic cross.

Question 11

Phenotype

Answer 11

An organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits.

Question 12

Genotype

Answer 12

An organism’s genetic makeup, or allele combinations.

Question 13

Homozygous

Answer 13

Having two identical alleles for a trait.

Question 14

Heterozygous

Answer 14

Having two different alleles for a trait.

Question 15

Codominance

Answer 15

A condition in which neither of the two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive.

Question 16

Meiosis

Answer 16

The process that occurs in sex cells by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.

Question 17

Messenger RNA

Answer 17

RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm.

Question 18

Transfer RNA

Answer 18

RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain.