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Altior Science > Genetics- Defenitions > Flashcards

Genetics- Defenitions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Genetics

A

The study of Heredity and variations of different characteristics organisms may have on an organism.

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2
Q

Heredity

A

The passing of physical or personality traits to offspring

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3
Q

Inheritance

A

Taking physical or personality traits from the parent

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4
Q

Dominant

A

A dominant gene is a trait that is shown within the offspring despite there only being one copy of the gene.

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5
Q

Recessive

A

Opposite of a dominant gene, a recessive trait is one that needs at least two copies of itself to be seen within the offspring.

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6
Q

Allele

A

An allele is a variant form of a gene.

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7
Q

Mitosis

A

Mitosis is the process of splitting a parent cell into two identical nuclei, known as daughter cells.

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8
Q

DNA( Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

A

A long molecule that contains the genetic code.

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9
Q

Nucleotides

A

A nucleotide is a unit of DNA that is made up of one sugar molecule, one phosphate molecule, and one base.

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10
Q

Deoxyribose

A

Deoxyribose is the five-carbon sugar molecule that helps form the phosphate backbone of DNA molecules

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11
Q

Adenine

A

Adenine is one of the four nuclei bases. Within the DNA molecule, adenine bases located on one strand form chemical bonds with thymine bases on the opposite strand.

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12
Q

Thymine

A

Thymine is one of the four nuclei bases. Within the DNA molecule, thymine bases located on one strand form chemical bonds with adenine bases on the opposite strand

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13
Q

Guanine

A

Guanine is one of the four nuclei bases. Within the DNA molecule, guanine bases located on one strand form chemical bonds with cytosine bases on the opposite strand.

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14
Q

Cytosine

A

Cytosine is one of the four nuclei bases. Within the DNA molecule, cytosine bases located on one strand form chemical bonds with guanine bases on the opposite strand.

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15
Q

Base Pairing

A

Rules:
A is always with T.
C is always with G.

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16
Q

Chargaff’s Rule

A

Chargaff’s Rule is the rule of Base Pairing.

17
Q

Nucleic Acid

A
  • Made up of molecules

Contains genetic coding for all cells and viruses. They have to do with the expression of nucleic acids.

18
Q

Nitrogenous base

A

A molecule that contains nitrogen, and has the chemical properties of a base.

19
Q

Double Helix

A

The structure of a DNA molecule. The phosphate and sugar molecules would be the sides, while the bases would be the rungs. The bases on one strand pair with the bases on another strand: adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine.

20
Q

Triplet

A

The sequence of nucleotides in DNA is often described in terms of the nitrogenous bases that they contain. Most of them code for an amino acid. (GAT)

21
Q

Amino Acid

A

Each molecule contains a central carbon (C) atom, called the α-carbon, to which both an amino and a carboxyl group are attached. The remaining two bonds of the α-carbon atom are generally satisfied by a hydrogen (H) atom and the R group.

22
Q

Ribose

A

Ribose is a type of sugar that is produced by the body itself, and is used to improve athletic performance.

23
Q

Uracil

A

A colourless organic compound found in RNA.

24
Q

Codon

A

A sequence of nucleotides which form a unit of genetic code in RNA or DNA.

25
Q

Messenger RNA

A

mRNA is the molecule in cells that carries codes from the DNA in the nucleus to the sites of protein synthesis in the ribosomes.

26
Q

Transcription

A

The process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA

27
Q

Ribosome

A

Particle that is present in large numbers in all living cells and serves as the site of protein synthesis. Ribosomes occur both as free particles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and as particles attached to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells.

28
Q

Translation

A

The term used to describe the process of protein synthesis by ribosomes in the cytoplasm

29
Q

tRNA

A

tRNA is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein.

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