Genetics and Evolution

Question 1

testes

Answer 1

Making sperm and are also involved in producing a hormone called testosterone

Question 2

scrotum

Answer 2

Protecting the testes

Question 3

Sperm ducts

Answer 3

To move sperm away from its storage place in the testicle

Question 4

Prostate gland

Answer 4

Produce the fluid that nourishes and transports sperm (seminal fluid).

Question 5

Urethra

Answer 5

Allows urine to pass outside the body

Question 6

Penis

Answer 6

Urination and sexual intercourse.

Question 7

Ovaries

Answer 7

Produce eggs for fertilization

Question 8

Oviduct (fallopian tubes)

Answer 8

Passageway for an egg and a sperm to meet and for a fertilized egg (embryo)

Question 9

Uterus

Answer 9

Menstruation and fertility

Question 10

Cervix

Answer 10

Allows fluids to flow inside and out of your uterus

Question 11

Vagina

Answer 11

Provides a passageway for blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus during a woman’s monthly period

Question 12

What are gametes?

Answer 12

Reproductive cell

Question 13

What happens during fertilisation

Answer 13

Sperm and egg unite in one of the fallopian tubes to form a zygote

Question 14

zygote

Answer 14

Fertilized egg

Question 15

embryo

Answer 15

The earliest development stage, which occurs after fertilization but before a foetus

Question 16

foetus

Answer 16

The last stage of pregnancy

Question 17

Haploid cells

Answer 17

One set of chromosomes (23 )

Question 18

Diploid cells

Answer 18

Two sets of chromosomes (46)

Question 19

Link between chromosomes - DNA - genes

Answer 19

DNA, genes and chromosomes work together to make you who you are

Question 20

Location of DNA/genes in a cell

Answer 20

Cell nucleus

Question 21

Description of DNA

Answer 21

Molecule that carries genetic information
made up of four base pairs (A+T and C+G)
Double helix

Question 22

What is a human genome?

Answer 22

Total amount of genetic information

Question 23

The importance of DNA making exact copies of itself

Answer 23

Ensures that when a cell divides, the offspring will receive the same genetic information as the parent cell.

Question 24

Mutation

Answer 24

Change in genetic code

Question 25

Examples of mutations

Answer 25

Cystic fibrosis, haemophilia, and sickle cell disease

Question 26

Cause of mutations?

Answer 26

Radiation (UV light, gamma rays), accidental DNA damage, chemicals.(vaping or smoking)

Question 27

Difference between dominant and recessive genes / alleles

Answer 27

Dominant allele= Expressed even when paired with recessive allele Recessive allele=only visible when paired with another recessive allele.

Question 27

genotype

Answer 27

Gene responsible for the characteristics of an individual (hair colour, eye colour)

Question 28

phenotype

Answer 28

The physical characteristics of an individual (brown hair, blue eyes)

Question 29

Discrete variation

Answer 29

Variations inherited and are usually controlled by one pair of genes (one allele from mum and one from dad) i.e. height, skin colour etc

Question 30

Continuous variation

Answer 30

Controlled by one gene and is distinct i.e. rolling your tongue

Question 31

mitosis

Answer 31

Cell division responsible for repair and growth

Question 32

meiosis

Answer 32

Cell division, responsible for producing sperm and egg cells.

Question 33

evolution

Answer 33

Explains how living things have changed over time and how they have come to be the way they are now.

Question 34

What is selective breeding?

Answer 34

Choosing the parents with particular characteristics to produce offspring with more desirable characteristics.

Question 35

Define the term fitness in the context of natural selection

Answer 35

More likely to survive and reproduce