Acids and bases Flashcards
What is an acid?
Compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+)when dissolved in water.
Corrosive, tastes sour, PH less that 7
What is a base (alkali)
Release hydroxide ions (OH-)when they dissolve in water.
Corrosive, tastes bitter, PH greater than 7
What is a neutralisation reaction?
Acid + base –> salt + water
Acids and bases cancel out each other to form a neutralized solution.
What is the PH scale?
Used to measure the strength of an acid or base. The scale is from zero (strong acid) to 14 (strong base/alkali)
-The Ph scale is based on the concentration H+ or OH-ions in a solution.
Universal indicator
-Many different colour changes
-Red (strong acid), green neutral, purple (strong base)
-Can show how weak or strong the solution is
Phenolphthalein
- Colourless in acidic/neutral solution
-Pink in an alkali solution
-Cant show strength of acid or alkali
Salts
-Ionic compounds that consist of one metal ion and one non-metal ion
-Neutral substance
Rules for naming salts
First part of the salt is the metal ion from the base.
Second is the non-metal ion in the acid.
Acid - carbonate reactions
ACID + CARBONATE —> SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE
reactions
For a reaction to occur, particles must collide with sufficient energy.
Reaction rate
Speed at which a chemical reaction occurs
Temperature
Temerature increase =increased kineticenergy of particles = increased movement of particles = increased collision
Indicator
Natural dye that changes colour depending on whether it is placed in an acid or base.
HCl
hydrochloric acid
H2SO4
Sulphuric acid
