Acids and bases Flashcards
What is an acid?
Compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+)when dissolved in water.
Corrosive, tastes sour, PH less that 7
What is a base (alkali)
Release hydroxide ions (OH-)when they dissolve in water.
Corrosive, tastes bitter, PH greater than 7
What is a neutralisation reaction?
Acid + base –> salt + water
Acids and bases cancel out each other to form a neutralized solution.
What is the PH scale?
Used to measure the strength of an acid or base. The scale is from zero (strong acid) to 14 (strong base/alkali)
-The Ph scale is based on the concentration H+ or OH-ions in a solution.
Universal indicator
-Many different colour changes
-Red (strong acid), green neutral, purple (strong base)
-Can show how weak or strong the solution is
Phenolphthalein
- Colourless in acidic/neutral solution
-Pink in an alkali solution
-Cant show strength of acid or alkali
Salts
-Ionic compounds that consist of one metal ion and one non-metal ion
-Neutral substance
Rules for naming salts
First part of the salt is the metal ion from the base.
Second is the non-metal ion in the acid.
Acid - carbonate reactions
ACID + CARBONATE —> SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE
reactions
For a reaction to occur, particles must collide with sufficient energy.
Reaction rate
Speed at which a chemical reaction occurs
Temperature
Temerature increase =increased kineticenergy of particles = increased movement of particles = increased collision
Indicator
Natural dye that changes colour depending on whether it is placed in an acid or base.
HCl
hydrochloric acid
H2SO4
Sulphuric acid
HNO3
Nitric acid
CaCO3
Calcium carbonate
Na2CO3
Sodium carbonate
NaHCO3
Sodium Hydrogen carbon
