Genetics

Question 1

Where is genetic info stored?

Answer 1

cell nucleus

Question 2

Where is DNA found?

Answer 2

in chromosomes within cell nucleus

Question 3

What is DNA made up of?

Answer 3

base pairs: adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Nucleotides

Question 4

What is a genotype?

Answer 4

specific version of gene

Question 5

What is a phenotype?

Answer 5

observable characteristics from genotype

Question 6

What does diploid mean?

Answer 6

contain PAIR of chromosomes

Question 7

How many chromosomes do we have?

Answer 7

22 pairs + 1 sex chromosome= 46 in total

Question 8

What is the female chromosome?

Answer 8

46XX

Question 9

What is the male chromosome?

Answer 9

46XY

Question 10

What is a gamete?

Answer 10

sex cell

Question 11

Each chromosome has a different look and is numbered according to size– true/false?

Answer 11

true

Question 12

What is a chromosome made up of?

Answer 12

centromere (middle bit) short (p) and long (q) arms

Question 13

What are the two types of cell division?

Answer 13

mitosis and meiosis

Question 14

When does downsyndrome occur?

Answer 14

during meiosis cell division

Question 15

How is downsyndrome caused?

Answer 15

uneven cell division- 1 gamete has too much info. Gamete then joins with normal gamete and have extra chromosome in chromosome 21.

Question 16

Downsyndrome features include…

Answer 16

hypotonia (floppy), protruding tongue, cardiac abnormalities

Question 17

klinefelters syndrome is only in males- true/false?

Answer 17

true

Question 18

Features of klinefelters syndrome include…

Answer 18

hypogonadism (small genitals), infertility, tall stature

Question 19

turners syndrome is only in males- true/false?

Answer 19

false

Question 20

What is turner’s syndrome?

Answer 20

In girls, only 1 X no extra X or Y chromosome

Question 21

2 chromosomes come from 1 parent and none from the other in prada willi- true or false?

Answer 21

true

Question 22

What is imprinting?

Answer 22

genetic expression dependent on whether maternal or paternal genes in pair of chromosomes is switched on or off

Question 23

What happens in autosomal dominant conditions?

Answer 23

1 parent has abnormal gene (or both) 50 % chance getting it

Question 24

What happens in autosomal recessive conditions?

Answer 24

Both parents carriers- affected mother?= all children carriers

Question 25

What is X linked inheritance?

Answer 25

recessive affected males + carrier females= all daughters of affected dads= carrier- never from father-son

Question 26

What are the environmental influences affecting growth development?

Answer 26

physical, chemicals, radiation, drugs, infections

Question 27

How is downsyndrome diagnosed?

Answer 27

Mother blood test