Cerebral Palsy

Question 1

What does cerebral palsy affect?

Answer 1

body movement
muscle control
muscle co-ordination
muscle tone
reflex
posture
balance

Question 2

What can cerebral palsy also be associated with?

Answer 2

vision/hearing impairment
feeding issues
speech difficulties
epilepsy
anxiety
autism

Question 3

What is cerebral palsy?

Answer 3

non-progessive brain injury causing neurological disorder

Question 4

When does cerebral palsy occur?

Answer 4

occurs while child’s brain is developing either before, during or immediately after birth

Question 5

What does cerebral palsy impact on?

Answer 5

fine and gross motor skills

oral motor functioning

Question 6

How many types of cerebral palsy are there?

Answer 6

6

Question 7

What are the three classification of CP called?

Answer 7

spastic, dyskinetic and ataxia

Question 8

Spasticity is found in 70% of CP cases- true/false?

Answer 8

true

Question 9

Muscles are loose and floppy in spastic CP- true/false?

Answer 9

false- muscles are tight and stiff

Question 10

What causes spastic CP?

Answer 10

GABA impairment around lesions in the brain

Question 11

What causes dyskinetic CP?

Answer 11

lesions around the basal ganglia

Question 12

What are dyskinetic CP symptoms?

Answer 12

• slow uncontrolled movements- dystonia

- random dance like movements- chorea

Question 13

What causes ataxic CP?

Answer 13

lesions in cerebellum

Question 14

What are ataxic CP symptoms?

Answer 14

shaky uncoordinated movements

Question 15

What is the GMFCS?

Answer 15

Gross motor function classification system

Question 16

What causes CP before birth?

Answer 16

genetics, maternal infection

Question 17

What causes CP during birth?

Answer 17

low birth weight
infection
sepsis
trauma

Question 18

What causes CP immediately after birth?

Answer 18

meningitis

trauma

Question 19

What are the two types of brain damage in preterm infants?

Answer 19

Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL)
Periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PVHI)

Question 20

Why does Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL) happen?

Answer 20

decreased oxygen flow (hypoxia)

decreased blood flow (ischaemia)

Question 21

What are the 3 main causes of Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL)?

Answer 21

1. Foetal blood vessels can’t maintain sufficient blood flow
2. Hypotension due to foetal distress/ C sections
3. Damage to blood brain barrier due to maternal/foetal infections

Question 22

What is Worster drought syndrome?

Answer 22

Congenital supra bulbar paresis

Question 23

What causes Worster drought syndrome?

Answer 23

inadequate development of cortico bulbar tracts

Question 24

What problems does Worster drought syndrome cause?

Answer 24

problems with mouth and tongue

• Dysphagia
• Dysarthria
• dysphonia

Question 25

2 associations with Worster drought syndrome?

Answer 25

Epilepsy

ADHD

Question 26

3 clinical features of CP

Answer 26

dysarthria
dysphagia
delayed motor milestones

Question 27

What is important for doctors to do for CP babies/children?

Answer 27

early detection by monitoring at risk babies

early referrals to physio

Question 28

At risk babies include…

Answer 28

abnormal ultrasound

still requiring ventilation at 36wks

Question 29

How do you diagnose CP?

Answer 29

Brain MRI at 2 yrs
Persistent toe walking
Delayed motor skills
Abnormal motor patterns
Early hand preference

Question 30

3 red flags for neurological disorders in children…

Answer 30

absence of risk factors
regression
focal neurology

Question 31

MDT members involved in CP

Answer 31

Everyone!

Question 32

What is 24 hour postural management in CP?

Answer 32

Child places in position that is straight and symmetrical- specialist chair or standing frame

Question 33

3 treatment options for CP

Answer 33

Physio/OT
Botulinum toxin injections
AFOS

Question 34

3 main goals/outcomes for CP

Answer 34

keeping active
delaying surgery
participating in life