Genetics Flashcards
What’s a single section of chromosome called?
Chromatid
What are a pair of chromatids called?
Sister chromatids
What’s the middle of a pair of sister chromatids called?
Centromere
What stage does crossing over happen in?
Prophase 1
What stage does independent assortment happen in?
Metaphase 1
What do prophase 1 and metaphase 1 allow to happen?
Genetic variation
What is chromatin?
Uncoiled DNA
Human cells express how many of their genes at a given time?
3 to 5 percent
Name the five types of regulation of gene expression
Transcriptional control
RNA processing control (post translational)
RNA transport control (posttranscriptional)
Translation control
Protein activity control (post translational)
What are transcription factors?
Proteins that move in from cytoplasm to DNA can create loops that activate genes.
What are transcription factors regulated by? Give an examples
Signals produced from other molecules. Steroids
What two factors cause epigenetic gene expression change
Increased methylation of DNA
Acetylation of associated histones
What does degenerate mean?
Multiple codes for one amino acid
What does non overlapping mean
of only one triplet Each base is part
What do you call non sexed linked cells?
Somatic
