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VT 9 Terms > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Genetics

A

The branch of biology dealing with heredity and the laws governing it

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2
Q

Base pairs

A

Pairs of nucleotides that bond the two strands of the DNA double helix

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3
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

Chromosomes that determine sex

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4
Q

Autosome

A

Any of the chromosomes other than the sex determining chromosomes

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5
Q

Karyotype

A

A picture of chromosomes arranged in numerical order by size

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6
Q

Genes

A

The basic unit of heredity, made of DNA

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7
Q

Genetic map

A

The method of indicating the physical location of genes on chromosomes

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8
Q

Alleles

A

Variations of the same gene

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9
Q

Homozygous

A

Possessing two identical alleles for a trait

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10
Q

Heterozygous

A

Possessing two different alleles for a trait

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11
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic makeup of an individual

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12
Q

Phenotype

A

The outward appearance of an individual

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13
Q

Dominant

A

An allele that is completely expressed whenever possible and suppresses the expression of the other alleles

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14
Q

Recessive

A

An allele that is not expressed unless the individual is homozygous

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15
Q

Punnett Square

A

A grid used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring

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16
Q

Genetic Carrier

A

Heterozygous individual in which a recessive allele is not displayed

17
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

Occurs when neither of the alleles of a gene is totally dominant over the other (red+white=PINK)

18
Q

Co-dominance

A

When both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype (black and white together)

19
Q

Sex-linked inheritance

A

Alleles that located on the sex chromosomes (X only)

20
Q

Lethal Gene

A

Genes that when homozygous, cause the fetus to die prior to birth

21
Q

Polygenic

A

Influenced by multiple genes

22
Q

Amelanistic

A

Absence of black pigment

23
Q

Anerythristic

A

Absence of red pigment

24
Q

Dihybrid cross

A

Genetic cross for two different traits

25
Q

F1, F2

A

Filial generations
F1= first generation offspring (parents)
F2= second generation offspring (children)

26
Q

Inbreeding

A

Breeding of closely related organisms (mom/son; father/daughter)

27
Q

Linebreeding

A

Breeding less closely related individuals but maintains relatedness to a particular ancestor of outstanding quality

28
Q

Outcrossing

A

Breeding of unrelated animals

29
Q

Outbreeding Depression

A

Reduction in quality by dilution of desirable traits

30
Q

Hybrid Vigor

A

Improvement in quality by diluting undesirable traits and/or by introducing new desirable traits.

VT 9 Terms (6 decks)

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