Animal Behavior

Question 1

Ethology

Answer 1

The scientific study of animal behavior

Question 2

Anthropomorphism

Answer 2

The projection of human behaviors or characteristics on to animals

Question 3

Neoteny

Answer 3

The presence of immature characteristics into adulthood

Question 4

Pheromone

Answer 4

A substance released by an animal and perceived (by smell) by another animal of the same species, causing a certain behavior

Question 5

Docile

Answer 5

Tame and easy-going

Question 6

Agnoistic

Answer 6

Competitive or combative

Question 7

Solitary

Answer 7

Being the only one; being separated from others

Question 8

Gregarious

Answer 8

Forming or living as a group in herds, packs or flocks with others of the same species

Question 9

Harem

Answer 9

A group of females and their offspring defended by a single male.

Question 10

Bachelor Herd

Answer 10

Herd of adult males without harems

Question 11

Posture

Answer 11

An attitude of the body; the natural and comfortable bearing of the body on normal, healthy animals

Question 12

Piloerection

Answer 12

Condition of the hair standing straight up; “raising the hackles”.

Question 13

Dominant

Answer 13

Exerting a ruling or controlling influence in a hierarchy

Question 14

Subordinate

Answer 14

Belonging to a lower class or rank in a social hierarchy

Question 15

Submissive

Answer 15

Yielding or surrendering to the authority of another

Question 16

Hierarchy

Answer 16

Order of superiority from most dominant to lowest subordinate; aka “pecking order”

Question 17

Obedience

Answer 17

Training for dogs so that they listen to their owners at all times

Question 18

Stimulus

Answer 18

Any agent, act or influence that excites or activates

Question 19

Altricial

Answer 19

Helpless at birth or hatching, requiring parental care for a period of time

Question 20

Precocial

Answer 20

Active and able to move freely from birth or hatching with little parental care

Question 21

Imprinting

Answer 21

Learning in the very young based mainly on maternal attachment and acquisition of basic behavior patterns

Question 22

Extinction

Answer 22

Behavioral modification technique that removes a positive reward for a previously rewarded behavior

Question 23

Counter-conditioning

Answer 23

Training an animal to perform a response to a stimulus that is different and incompatible with the previous response to the same stimulus

Question 24

Desensitization

Answer 24

Changing an emotional response by using a gradually increasing stimulus to reduce the stimulus’ impact on the animal

Question 25

Socialization

Answer 25

Familiarization between animals in a group; companion animals with humans or other objects and environments

Question 26

Temperament

Answer 26

Behavior characteristics and mental cast of an animal.

Question 27

Aggression

Answer 27

Behavior that is angry, destructive, and intended to be injurious, physical or emotional and aimed at domination of one animal by another.

Question 28

Separation Anxiety

Answer 28

Display of destructive behavior, vocalization, urination & defecation by some dogs when left alone or separated from their owner

Question 29

Ventriculocordectomy

Answer 29

Punch resection of the vocal cords; debarking; devocalization

Question 30

Stereotypy

Answer 30

Excessive, repetitive behavior

Question 31

Positive

Answer 31

Addition of a stimulus

Question 32

Negative

Answer 32

Removal of a stimulus

Question 33

Reinforcement

Answer 33

Increases a behavior

Question 34

Punishment

Answer 34

Decreases a behavior

Question 35

Positive reinforcement

Answer 35

The addition of a pleasant stimulus to increase behavior

Question 36

Positive punishment

Answer 36

Addition of an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior

Question 37

Negative reinforcement

Answer 37

Removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior

Question 38

Negative punishment

Answer 38

Removal of a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior

Question 39

Examples of positive reinforcement

Answer 39

- herd of cows runs to a pickup truck that is often used to bring them hay - a dolphin is given a fish after it closely follows the tip of s stick held by a trainer - a tiger is given a treat when it sits up

Question 40

Examples of positive punishment

Answer 40

- a dog is loudly scolded while urinating on the carpet - a cat sets off a mouse trap when it jumps on the counter - a bark collar

Question 41

Examples of negative reinforcement

Answer 41

- a cat successfully squirms out of the owners arms whenever it is held on its back - a llama learns to enter s shelter when the weather is windy and raining - a foal is trained not to pull on the halter by being tied to an overhead cable

Question 42

Examples of negative punishment

Answer 42

- a hand held bucket of grain is taken away from a pony if it gets to close to the handler - if you pet a dog while it plays with a toy and it growls at you, take the toy away - a dog jumps on you while playing and you then tell him no and stop playing